Variable flow resistance system for use with a subterranean well

1. A variable flow resistance system for use and locatable within a subterranean well, the system comprising:

a first flow path configured to receive a flow of a fluid in a first direction when producing a fluid from the subterranean well;

sensors configured to measure properties of the fluid received into the first flow path, wherein the measured properties comprise a fluid flow rate and a fluid viscosity;

a communications unit configured to receive a first communications signal from the surface indicating one of a plurality of production phases of the well, the plurality of production phases comprising a preliminary phase, an intermediate phase, and a final phase;

an actuator configured to control a flow rate of the fluid received into the first flow path by moving axially in the direction of fluid flow in the first flow path;

a power generator located downstream of the actuator with respect to the first direction and comprising a turbine configured to generate power for the variable flow resistance system;

a power storage device configured to store at least some of the power generated by the power generator; and

a controller in communication with the communications unit and the actuator, the controller configured to adjust the actuator based upon a comparison of at least one of the properties of the fluid measured by the sensor and predetermined values of the properties and control parameters associated with the indicated production phase of the well,

wherein the controller is further configured to variably adjust the actuator to increase resistance to the flow of the fluid responsive to determining that the measured fluid flow rate increases beyond a first predetermined level or the measured fluid viscosity decreases below a second predetermined level.

2. The variable flow resistance system of claim 1 , wherein the measured properties of the fluid further comprise at least one of a resistivity of the fluid a pressure of the fluid, or a density of the fluid.

3. The variable flow resistance system of claim 1 , wherein the sensors comprise at least one of a resistivity sensor, a conductivity sensor, a capacitive sensor, an inductive sensor, a nuclear sensor, a temperature sensor, a flow sensor, or an acoustic sensor.

4. The variable flow resistance system of claim 1 , wherein the communications unit is further configured to send a communications signal.

5. The variable flow resistance system of claim 1 , further comprising a tool body and a second flow path configured to send the fluid into an interior of the tool body.

6. The variable flow resistance system of claim 1 , further comprising a production tubing string, wherein the first flow path comprises a production orifice for the production tubing string.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein:

the communications unit is further configured to receive a second communications signal from the surface commanding the controller to adjust a flow rate of the fluid received into the first flow path; and

the controller is further configured to control the actuator based upon the second communications signal.

8. A method of variably controlling flow resistance in a well, the method comprising:

receiving a flow of a fluid in a first direction when receiving the fluid from the well into a first flow path of a variable flow resistance system installed in the well;

measuring properties of the fluid received into the first flow path, the measured properties comprising a fluid flow rate and a fluid viscosity;

receiving a communication signal from the surface indicating one of a plurality of production phases of the well, the plurality of production phases comprising a preliminary phase, an intermediate phase, and a final phase;

adjusting a flow rate of the fluid received into the first flow path using a controller of the variable flow resistance system based upon a comparison of at least one of the measured properties of the fluid and a predetermined value of the properties and control parameters associated with the indicated production phase of the well, wherein adjusting the flow rate comprises axially moving an actuator in the direction of fluid flow into the first flow path; and

generating power from the fluid received into the first flow path with a power generator located downstream of the actuator with respect to the first direction;

storing at least some of the generated power in a power storage device,

wherein adjusting the flow rate further comprises increasing resistance to flow of the fluid responsive to determining that the measured fluid flow rate increases beyond a first predetermined level or the measured fluid viscosity decreases below a second predetermined level.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the measuring the properties of the fluid further comprises measuring at least one of resistivity, pressure, or density.

10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the measuring the properties of the fluid further comprises measuring a resistivity of the fluid, and wherein the adjusting the flow rate comprises:

increasing the flow rate of the fluid received into the first flow path if the measured resistivity of the fluid is above the predetermined value for the resistivity of the fluid; and

decreasing the flow rate of the fluid received into the first flow path if the measured resistivity of the fluid is below the predetermined value for the resistivity of the fluid.

11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the first flow path comprises a production orifice for a production tubing string.

12. A method of variably controlling flow resistance in a well, the method comprising:

receiving a flow of a fluid in a first direction when producing the fluid from the well into a first flow path of a variable flow resistance system installed in the well;

measuring properties of the fluid received into the first flow path with sensors, wherein the measured properties comprise a fluid flow rate and a fluid viscosity;

receiving a communication signal from the surface indicating one of a plurality of production phases of the well, the plurality of production phases comprising a preliminary phase, an intermediate phase, or a final phase; and

adjusting a flow rate of the fluid received into the first flow path using a controller of the variable flow resistance system based upon a comparison of at least one of the properties of the fluid measured by the sensors and predetermined values of the properties and the production phase of the well, wherein adjusting the flow rate comprises axially moving an actuator in the direction of fluid flow into the first flow path;

wherein adjusting the flow rate further comprises increasing resistance to flow responsive to determining that the measured fluid flow rate increases beyond a first predetermined level or the measured fluid viscosity decreases below a second predetermined level.