Axial flux permanent magnet motor/generator
A stator configuration for a motor or generator has a stator core made of a thermally conductive material. The field coil of this configuration is secured to the stator core by a thermally conductive material. A field coil configuration has first and second layers of windings of an electrical conductor in which adjacent flat surfaces disposed generally parallel to the axis of magnetic flux of the coil are in direct contact with each other. The stator configuration and the field coil configuration may be an element of an electric motor or generator.
1. A stator comprising:
a. a stator core defining a planar volume, the stator core comprising a thermally conductive material; and
b. a plurality of field coils secured to the stator core, the plurality of field coils being circumferentially spaced from each other, each respective field coil of the plurality of field coils comprising:
i. an axis of magnetic flux;
ii. a continuous electrical conductor configured as a plurality of axially adjacent layers, each layer comprising a respective plurality of spirally disposed adjacent windings, the electrical conductor comprising a first coil lead and a second coil lead;
iii. a first layer of the plurality of axially adjacent layers comprising an outer layer lead and an inner layer lead wherein the windings are wound spirally inwardly from the outer layer lead to the inner layer lead, and wherein that portion of the electrical conductor which comprises the windings of the first layer comprises oppositely facing first and second flat surfaces disposed generally parallel to the axis of magnetic flux and wherein the first surface of each winding of a plurality of the windings of the first layer is disposed adjacent to and in direct contact with the second surface of an adjacent winding of the plurality of the windings of the first layer; and
iv. a second layer of the plurality of axially adjacent layers comprising an outer layer lead and an inner layer lead wherein the windings are wound spirally inwardly from the outer layer lead to the inner layer lead, and wherein that portion of the electrical conductor which comprises the windings of the second layer comprises oppositely facing first and second flat surfaces disposed generally parallel to the axis of magnetic flux and wherein the first surface of each winding of a plurality of the windings of the second layer is disposed adjacent to and in direct contact with the second surface of an adjacent winding of the plurality of the windings of the second layer.
2. The stator of claim 1 , wherein the stator core defines a plurality of circumferentially spaced respective pockets in which a respective field coil of the plurality of field coils is disposed.
3. The stator of claim 2 , wherein each pocket of the plurality of pockets is defined by a respective pair of a plurality of radially extending walls.
4. The stator of claim 3 , wherein each wall of the radially extending walls comprises a radially inner distal end, such that the stator core comprises respective gaps between circumferentially adjacent distal ends.
5. The stator of claim 1 , wherein the stator core comprises
a. a generally flat web portion having an outer periphery;
b. an annular wall extending perpendicularly from the outer periphery;
c. a plurality of walls extending perpendicularly from the web portion and radially inward from the annular wall; and
d. a plurality of pockets, each pocket of the plurality of pockets defined by a respective pair of the plurality of walls, each respective field coil disposed in a respective pocket.
6. The stator of claim 1 , wherein each respective field coil of the plurality of field coils is secured to the stator core by a thermally conductive adhesive material.
7. An electrical field coil for a motor or generator, the electric field coil comprising:
a. an axis of magnetic flux;
b. a continuous electrical conductor configured as a plurality of axially adjacent layers, each layer comprising a respective plurality of spirally disposed adjacent windings, the electrical conductor comprising a first coil lead and a second coil lead;
c. a first layer of the plurality of axially adjacent layers comprising an outer layer lead and an inner layer lead wherein the windings are wound spirally inwardly from the outer layer lead to the inner layer lead, and wherein that portion of the electrical conductor which comprises the windings of the first layer comprises oppositely facing first and second flat surfaces disposed generally parallel to the axis of magnetic flux and wherein the first surface of each winding of a plurality of the windings of the first layer is disposed adjacent to and in direct contact with the second surface of an adjacent winding of the plurality of the windings of the first layer; and
d. a second layer of the plurality of axially adjacent layers comprising an outer layer lead and an inner layer lead wherein the windings are wound spirally inwardly from the outer layer lead to the inner layer lead, and wherein that portion of the electrical conductor which comprises the windings of the second layer comprises oppositely facing first and second flat surfaces disposed generally parallel to the axis of magnetic flux and wherein the first surface of each winding of a plurality of the windings of the second layer is disposed adjacent to and in direct contact with the second surface of an adjacent winding of the plurality of the windings of the second layer.
8. The electrical field coil of claim 7 , wherein the first layer is disposed adjacent the second layer aligned with the axis of magnetic flux.
9. The electrical field coil of claim 8 , wherein the electrical conductor is of unitary construction between each of the plurality of layers.
10. The electrical field coil of claim 9 , wherein the respective inner layer leads of the first and second layers are unitarily continuous.
11. The electrical field coil of claim 8 , wherein the electrical conductor comprises respective discrete segments within each layer which are electrically joined to each other.
12. The electrical field coil of claim 7 , wherein the outer layer lead of the first layer comprises the first coil lead.
13. An electric motor or generator comprising:
a. a housing;
b. a shaft rotatably supported by the housing, the shaft defining an axis of rotation of the motor;
c. at least one rotor connected to the shaft with no relative rotation therebetween, the rotor comprising a plurality of spaced apart radially extending magnets oriented to create an alternating pole pattern, the poles of the magnets being oriented generally parallel to the axis of rotation; and
d. a stator which is non-rotatable, the stator comprising:
i. a stator core defining a planar volume, the stator core comprising a thermally conductive material; and
ii. a plurality of field coils secured to the stator core, the plurality of field coils being circumferentially spaced from each other, each respective field coil of the plurality of field coils comprising:
(a) an axis of magnetic flux;
(b) a continuous electrical conductor configured as a plurality of axially adjacent layers, each layer comprising a respective plurality of spirally disposed adjacent windings, the electrical conductor comprising a first coil lead and a second coil lead;
(c) a first layer of the plurality of axially adjacent layers comprising an outer layer lead and an inner layer lead wherein the windings are wound spirally inwardly from the outer layer lead to the inner layer lead, and wherein that portion of the electrical conductor which comprises the windings of the first layer comprises oppositely facing first and second flat surfaces disposed generally parallel to the axis of magnetic flux and wherein the first surface of each winding of a plurality of the windings of the first layer is disposed adjacent to and in direct contact with the second surface of an adjacent winding of the plurality of the windings of the first layer; and
(d) a second layer of the plurality of axially adjacent layers comprising an outer layer lead and an inner layer lead wherein the windings are wound spirally inwardly from the outer layer lead to the inner layer lead, and wherein that portion of the electrical conductor which comprises the windings of the second layer comprises oppositely facing first and second flat surfaces disposed generally parallel to the axis of magnetic flux and wherein the first surface of each winding of a plurality of the windings of the second layer is disposed adjacent to and in direct contact with the second surface of an adjacent winding of the plurality of the windings of the second layer.
14. The electric motor or generator of claim 13 , wherein the stator core defines a plurality of circumferentially spaced respective pockets in which a respective field coil of the plurality of field coils is disposed.
15. The electric motor or generator of claim 14 , wherein each pocket of the plurality of pockets is defined by a respective pair of a plurality of radially extending walls.
16. The electric motor or generator of claim 15 , wherein each wall of the radially extending walls comprises a radially inner distal end, such that the stator core comprises respective gaps between circumferentially adjacent distal ends.
17. The motor or generator of claim 13 , wherein the at least one rotor comprises a plurality of spaced apart radially extending magnets oriented to create the alternating magnetic pole pattern.
18. The electric motor or generator of claim 13 , wherein the first layer is disposed adjacent the second layer aligned with the axis of magnetic flux.
19. The electric motor or generator of claim 18 , wherein the electrical conductor is of unitary construction between each of the plurality of layers.
20. The electric motor or generator of claim 19 , wherein the respective inner layer leads of the first and second layers are unitarily continuous.
21. The electric motor or generator of claim 18 , wherein the electrical conductor comprises respective discrete segments within each layer which are electrically joined to each other.
22. The electric motor or generator of claim 13 , wherein the outer layer lead of the first layer comprises the first coil lead.