Human papilloma virus as predictor of cancer prognosis
Methods of treating a head and neck cancer are disclosed.
1. A method for generating a personalized cancer treatment report, comprising:
acquiring a sample from a subject having a squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC);
determining whether the subject is HPV− or HPV+;
selecting a treatment based on whether the subject is HPV− or HPV+, wherein:
(i) if the subject is HPV+, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, or a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor is selected as a treatment, or
(ii) if the subject is HPV−, a CDK inhibitor is selected as a treatment; and
generating the personalized cancer treatment report to memorialize the selected treatment.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer treatment report memorializes when the subject is tested for the presence of HPV.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer treatment report comprises one or more of the following:
(i) information on the HPV status of the subject;
(ii) information on prognosis, resistance, or potential therapeutic options;
(iii) information on the likely effectiveness of a therapeutic option;
(iv) the acceptability of a therapeutic option, or the advisability of applying the therapeutic option to the subject; or
(v) information on the administration of a drug.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mTOR inhibitor is rapamycin, a rapamycin derivative, resveratrol, or everolimus.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the rapamycin derivative is 40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl) rapamycin, 40-[3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate]-rapamycin, 40-epi-(tetrazolyl)-rapamycin, CCI779, or ABT578.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PI3K inhibitor is BKM120, LY294002, or wortmannin.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor is BEZ235, BGT226, or XL765.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CDK inhibitor is LEE011, LY-2835219, PD 0332991, indisulam, AZD5438, SNS-032, SCH 727965 (Dinaciclib), JNJ-7706621, indirubin, or seliciclib.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein: (i) the sample is a blood sample, a plasma sample, a serum sample, a urine sample, a tissue sample, or a buccal swab; (ii) the sample comprises cells from a tumor biopsy or circulating tumor cells; and/or (iii) the sample comprises nucleic acids from a tumor or from circulating tumor cells.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining whether the subject is HPV− or HPV+ comprises detecting HPV status in a sample obtained from the subject, wherein the sample is a blood sample, a plasma sample, a serum sample, a urine sample, a tissue sample, or a buccal swab, or wherein the sample comprises cells from a tumor biopsy or circulating tumor cells.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has localized or metastatic HNSCC.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing the report to another party.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the party is the subject, a caregiver, a physician, an oncologist, a hospital, clinic, third-party payor, insurance company or a government office.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the report is in electronic, web-based, or paper form.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is HPV+, and wherein the subject is further determined to have a mutation in the PI3K pathway.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the subject is determined to have a mutation in a PIK3CA gene, a PTEN gene, or an STK11 gene.
17. The method of claim 1 , the subject is HPV−, and wherein the subject is further determined to have a mutation in a cell cycle gene.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the cell cycle gene is a CDKN2A gene, a CDKN2B gene, or a CCND1 gene.