Recombinant lectin and uses thereof
Disclosed herein are a recombinant Streptomyces S27S5 hemagglutinin (SHA), and homologues thereof, and a fusion protein of a fluorescent protein (such as GFP and mCherry1) and SHA or a homologue thereof, which specifically bind to carbohydrates, including oligomeric sugars that terminate in L-rhamnose or D-galactose. The SHA, SHA homologues, and fusion proteins can be used to detect a variety of microorganisms or cancer or tumor antigens.
1. A method of detecting a cancer or tumor in a subject, comprising:
contacting a sample obtained from the subject with a fusion protein comprising a fluorescent protein and a Streptomyces hemagglutinin (SHA) protein or a homologue of the SHA protein, wherein the SHA protein has an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 25, the homologue of the SHA protein has an amino acid sequence at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to that of SEQ ID NO: 25, wherein the homologue of the SHA protein comprises SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 19, and SEQ ID NO: 21; and wherein the fusion protein specifically binds to L-rhamnose or D-galactose; and
detecting the fluorescence level in the sample, wherein the presence of fluorescence indicating the presence of the cancer or tumor,
wherein the cancer or tumor cell expresses an antigen comprising a carbohydrate capable of specifically binding to the SHA protein, the homologue of the SHA protein, or an SHA protein fragment or a homologue of the SHA protein fragment.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample includes a biopsy sample, a tissue sample, a bronchoalveolar lavage sample, a blood sample, and a urine sample.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is colon cancer, pancreatic ductal carcinoma, or pancreatic cancer.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antigen is a surface antigen comprising a carbohydrate containing D-galactose.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fusion protein specifically binds to a carbohydrate that contains or terminates in a monosaccharide or an oligosaccharide selected from the group consisting of β-Gal-; α-Rha-; Gal-α-1,3-Gal-β-1,3-GlcNAc-β-; Gal-α-1,3-Gal-β-1,4-Glc-β-; Gal-α-1,4-Gal-β-1,3-GlcNAc-β-; Gal-α-1,3-(Fuc-α-1,2)-Gal-β-; Gal-α-1,3-(Fuc-α-1,2)-Gal-β-1,4-Glc-β-; Gal-α-1,3-Gal-β-, Gal-α-1,4-Gal-β-1,4-Glc-β-; GalNAc-β-1,3-Gal-β-1,4-Glc-β-; and Gal-α-1,4-Gal-β-1,4-GlcNAc-β-.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluorescent protein includes GFP and mCherry1.