Methods for efficient generation of GABAergic interneurons from pluripotent stem cells
Enhanced methods for the generation of medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) cells from pluripotent stem cells are provided that involve an additional step of contacting the cells with an activator of FGF8 signaling while differentiating Pax6+ cells progenitor cells into MGE cells with an activator of sonic hedgehog, and optionally a Wnt inhibitor. The activator of FGF8 signaling shifts the differentiation of the population of cells to NKX2.1+ MGE cells, rather than to CopuTFII+ caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE) cells. Methods for treatment of neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, by transplant of MGE cells, or GABAergic interneurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells, into a subject in need of treatment are also provided. Human pluripotent stem cell derived MGE cells when transplanted successfully suppress spontaneous seizures, e.g. in epilepsy. We also have developed a method to purify MGE cells and maturing interneurons from differentiated pluripotent stem cells using cell surface marker and molecular beacon technology.
1. A method for the generation of a population of cells comprising Sox6 expressing medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) cells from pluripotent stem cells comprising the steps:
a) contacting a population of pluripotent stem cells with a Wnt inhibitor from day 0 to day 7 of neural induction;
b) contacting a population of pluripotent stem cells with a SMAD inhibitor from day 0 to day 14 of neural induction;
c) contacting the population of pluripotent stem cells with an activator of sonic hedgehog (SHH) from day 0 to day 21 of neural induction;
d) contacting the population of pluripotent stem cells with exogenous fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) protein from day 8 to day 21 of neural induction; and
e) determining one or more cells from the population of cells expresses Sox6,
thereby generating a population of cells comprising Sox6 expressing MGE cells.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the activator of sonic hedgehog comprises one or more of smoothened agonist (SAG), sonic hedgehog, pumorphamine, and Hh-Agl.5.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inhibitor of SMAD comprises one or more of LDN193189 and SB431542.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pluripotent stem cells are human cells.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pluripotent stem cells are embryonic stem cells.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pluripotent stem cells are induced pluripotent stem cells.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pluripotent stem cells are cultured as embryoid bodies.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pluripotent stem cells are cultured in suspension.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the pluripotent stem cells are cultured in KSR media for at least a part of the method.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pluripotent stem cells are cultured as adherent cells.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the WNT inhibitor comprises one or more of C I-7, IWP analogs, IWR analogs, XAV939, 53AH, Wnt-C59, IWP2, IWP4, ICG001, IWR-1-endo, Wnt-C59, LGK-974, FH535, WIK14, and IWP-L.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (a) comprises contacting the population of pluripotent stem cells with IWP2.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the population of pluripotent stem cells of step (b) is contacted with a second SMAD inhibitor from day 0 to day 7 of neural induction.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 75% of the cells from the population of cells express Sox6.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the Sox6-expressing cells co-express FoxG1.
16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising step (f) enriching FoxG1-expressing cells by selecting Sox6-expressing cells from the population of cells.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the WNT inhibitor comprises one or more of C I-7, IWP analogs, IWR analogs, XAV939, 53AH, Wnt-C59, IWP2, IWP4, ICG001, IWR-1-endo, Wnt-C59, LGK-974, FH535, WIK14, and IWP-L.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the inhibitor of SMAD comprises one or more of LDN193189 and SB431542.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the activator of sonic hedgehog comprises one or more of smoothened agonist (SAG), sonic hedgehog, pumorphamine, and Hh-Agl.5.