Compact hearing aids
The present disclosure relates to compact hearing aids, components thereof, and support systems therefor, as well as methods of insertion and removal thereof. The compact hearing aids generally include a sensor, such as a microphone, an actuation mass, an energy source for providing power to the compact hearing aid, a processor, and an actuator enclosed in a housing that is designed to be inserted through the tympanic membrane during a minimally-invasive outpatient procedure. In operation, the microphone receives sound waves and converts the sound waves into electrical signals. A processor then modifies the electrical signals and provides the electrical signals to the actuator. The actuator converts the electrical signals into mechanical motion, which actuates the actuation mass to modulate the velocity or the position of the tympanic membrane.
1. A tympanic membrane actuation assembly, comprising:
at least one mass configured to be actuated; and
at least one bending mode actuator coupled to the at least one mass at an oblique position along a surface of the at least one mass, the at least one bending mode actuator configured to convert electrical signals into mechanical motion to actuate the at least one mass and modulate a tympanic membrane of a user.
2. The tympanic membrane actuation assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one bending mode actuator is configured to actuate the at least one mass in a nonlinear manner.
3. The tympanic membrane actuation assembly of claim 2 , wherein the at least one bending mode actuator is configured to actuate the at least one mass in a rotating manner.
4. The tympanic membrane actuation assembly of claim 2 , wherein the at least one mass and the at least one bending mode actuator are configured to be disposed on at least one of a medial side or a lateral side of the tympanic membrane.
5. The tympanic membrane actuation assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one bending mode actuator comprises a unimorph-type actuator.
6. The tympanic membrane actuation assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one bending mode actuator comprises a bimorph-type actuator.
7. The tympanic membrane actuation assembly of claim 6 , wherein the active layer comprises lead zirconate titanate (PZT), barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ), or strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ).
8. The tympanic membrane actuation assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one bending mode actuator comprises a dome-type actuator.
9. The tympanic membrane actuation assembly of claim 7 , wherein the at least one bending mode actuator comprises an active layer comprising a perovskite crystal structure.
10. The tympanic membrane actuation assembly of claim 9 , wherein the active layer comprises a ferroelectric material.
11. A tympanic membrane actuation assembly, comprising:
a housing configured to be disposed on at least one of a medial side or a lateral side of a tympanic membrane of a user;
a mass disposed within the housing, the mass configured to be actuated; and
a bending mode actuator disposed within the housing and coupled to the mass, the bending mode actuator coupled to the mass at an oblique position along a surface of the mass, the bending mode actuator configured to convert electrical signals into mechanical motion to actuate the mass and modulate the tympanic membrane.
12. The tympanic membrane actuation assembly of claim 11 , wherein the bending mode actuator is configured to actuate the mass in a nonlinear manner.
13. The tympanic membrane actuation assembly of claim 12 , wherein the bending mode actuator is configured to actuate the mass in a rotating manner.
14. The tympanic membrane actuation assembly of claim 11 , wherein the bending mode actuator comprises a unimorph-type actuator, a bimorph-type actuator, or a dome-type actuator.
15. The tympanic membrane actuation assembly of claim 11 , wherein the bending mode actuator comprises an active layer comprising at least one of lead zirconate titanate (PZT), barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ), or strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ).
16. A hearing aid, which is insertable through a user's tympanic membrane to amplify certain frequencies and cancel other frequencies, comprising:
a tympanic membrane actuation assembly, comprising:
a first housing configured to be disposed on a first side of a tympanic membrane of a user;
a first mass disposed within the first housing, the first mass configured to be actuated; and
a first bending mode actuator disposed within the first housing and coupled to the first mass at a first position along a lateral surface of the first mass, the first bending mode actuator configured to convert electrical signals into mechanical motion to actuate the first mass;
a second housing configured to be disposed on a second side of the tympanic membrane of a user;
a second mass disposed within the second housing, the second mass configured to be actuated; and
a second bending mode actuator disposed within the second housing and coupled to the second mass at a second position along a lateral surface of the second mass, the second bending mode actuator configured to convert electrical signals into mechanical motion to actuate the second mass, wherein the first position and the second position are non-axial and unaligned with each other.
17. The hearing aid of claim 16 , wherein the first position and the second position are oblique positions along the lateral surfaces of the first mass and the second mass.
18. The hearing aid of claim 17 , wherein at least one of the first bending mode actuator and the second bending mode actuator are configured to actuate the first mass or the second mass in a nonlinear manner.
19. The hearing aid of claim 18 , wherein at least one of the first bending mode actuator and the second bending mode actuator are configured to actuate the first mass or the second mass in a rotating manner.
20. The hearing aid of claim 16 , wherein the at least one of the first bending mode actuator and the second bending mode actuator comprises a unimorph-type actuator, a bimorph-type actuator, or a dome-type actuator.