High throughput electro-thermal poling
An apparatus for continuous electro-thermal poling of glass or glass ceramic material, includes a lower support conveying and contacting electrode structure, an upper contacting electrode structure positioned above the lower support structure, and one or more DC bias voltage sources connected to one or both of the upper contacting structure and the lower support structure. A process for continuous electro-thermal poling of glass or glass ceramic sheets or substrates includes heating the sheet or substrate, feeding the sheet or substrate continuously or continually, while applying a DC voltage bias, and cooling the sheet or substrate to within 0-30° C. of ambient temperature.
1. An apparatus for continuous electro-thermal poling of glass or glass ceramic material, the apparatus comprising:
a lower support conveyor and contacting electrode structure, wherein the lower support conveyor and contacting electrode structure comprises a plurality of moveable trays;
an upper contacting electrode structure positioned above the lower support conveyor and contacting electrode structure; and
one or more DC bias voltage sources connected to one or both of the upper contacting electrode structure and the lower support conveyor and contacting electrode structure.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the lower support conveyor and contacting electrode structure comprises a lower conveyor belt.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the upper contacting electrode structure comprises a plurality of upper rollers.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the upper contacting electrode structure comprises a plurality of upper flat contacting structures.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the upper contacting electrode structure comprises an upper conveyor.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the upper contacting electrode structure comprises a flexible contacting structure.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6 wherein the flexible contacting structure comprises a contacting brush.
8. A process for continuous electro-thermal poling a sheet or substrate of glass or glass ceramic material, the process comprising:
heating the sheet or substrate to a temperature Te within the range of from 100° C. to Tg, where Tg is the glass transition temperature of the material of the sheet or substrate;
feeding the sheet or substrate continuously or continually using an apparatus while applying a DC voltage bias VB within the range of from 100V to 10 kV;
applying the VB, whether constant or ramped or both, for a time Ti within the range of from 2 seconds to 30 minutes; and
cooling the sheet or substrate to within 0-30° C. of ambient temperature;
wherein the apparatus comprises:
a lower support conveyor and contacting electrode structure, wherein the lower support conveyor and contacting electrode structure comprises a plurality of moveable trays;
an upper contacting electrode structure positioned above the lower support conveyor and contacting electrode structure; and
one or more DC bias voltage sources connected to one or both of the upper contacting electrode structure and the lower support conveyor and contacting electrode structure.
9. An apparatus for continuous electro-thermal poling of glass or glass ceramic material, the apparatus comprising:
a lower support conveyor and contacting electrode structure;
an upper contacting electrode structure positioned above the lower support conveyor and contacting electrode structure, wherein the upper contacting electrode structure comprises a plurality of flat electrodes and a plurality of pressing arms, each of the plurality of flat electrodes attached to one of the plurality of pressing arms; and
one or more DC bias voltage sources connected to one or both of the upper contacting electrode structure and the lower support conveyor and contacting electrode structure.