Heater

1. A heater comprising:

a support that is made of an organic polymer and has a sheet shape;

a heating element that is a transparent conductive film made of a polycrystalline material containing indium oxide as a main component; and

at least one pair of power supply electrodes in contact with the heating element,

wherein the heating element has a thickness of more than 20 nm and not more than 100 nm,

the heating element has a specific resistance of 1.4×10 −4 Ω·cm to 3×10 −4 Ω·cm, and

the heating element comprises argons, a concentration of argon atoms contained in the heating element is 3.5 ppm to 2.5 ppm on a mass basis.

2. The heater according to claim 1 , wherein the heating element has a carrier density of 6×10 20 cm −3 to 16×10 20 cm −3 .

3. The heater according to claim 1 , wherein the heating element further comprises tin, a ratio of a number of tin atoms to a sum of a number of indium atoms and the number of the tin atoms in the heating element is 0.04 to 0.15.

4. The heater according to claim 1 , wherein crystal grains of the heating element have an average size of 150 nm to 500 nm.

5. The heater according to claim 1 , wherein an internal stress of the heating element as measured by an X-ray stress measurement method is 20 to 650 MPa.

6. The heater according to claim 1 , wherein the power supply electrodes have a thickness of 1 μm or more.

7. The heater according to claim 1 , wherein the support is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalates, polyethylene naphthalates, polyimides, polycarbonates, polyolefins, polyether ether ketones, and aromatic polyamides.

8. The heater according to claim 1 , further comprising:

a protective film that is disposed closer to a second principal surface than to a first principal surface, the first principal surface being a principal surface of the heating element in contact with the support and the second principal surface being a principal surface of the heating element located on a side opposite to the first principal surface; and

a first adhesive layer that is disposed between the protective film and the heating element in such a manner that the first adhesive layer is in contact with the protective film and the heating element.

9. The heater according to claim 1 , further comprising:

a separator that is disposed closer to a fourth principal surface than to a third principal surface, the third principal surface being a principal surface of the support with which the heating element is in contact and the fourth principal surface being a principal surface of the support located on a side opposite to the third principal surface; and

a second adhesive layer that is disposed between the separator and the support in such a manner that the second adhesive layer is in contact with the separator and the support.

10. The heater according to claim 1 , further comprising:

a molded body that is disposed closer to a fourth principal surface than to a third principal surface, the third principal surface being a principal surface of the support with which the heating element is in contact and the fourth principal surface being a principal surface of the support located on a side opposite to the third principal surface; and

a second adhesive layer that is disposed between the molded body and the support in such a manner that the second adhesive layer is in contact with the molded body and the support.

11. The heater according to claim 1 , wherein, in an apparatus configured to execute processing using near-infrared light within a wavelength range from 780 to 1500 nm, the heater is to be disposed on an optical path of the near-infrared light.