Dispersion-hardened precious-metal alloy
The invention relates to a dispersion-hardened platinum composition comprising at least 70 wt. % platinum, the platinum composition containing up to 29.95 wt. % of one of the metals rhodium, gold, iridium and palladium, between 0.05 wt. % and 1 wt. % oxides of the non-precious metals zirconium, yttrium and scandium, and, as the remainder, the platinum including impurities, wherein between 7.0 mol. % and 11.0 mol. % of the oxides of the non-precious metals is yttrium oxide, between 0.1 mol. % and 5.0 mol. % of the oxides is scandium oxide, and the remainder of the oxides is zirconia, including oxide impurities. The invention also relates to a crucible for crystal growing, a semi-finished product, a tool, a tube, a stirrer, a fiberglass nozzle or a component for producing or processing glass made of a platinum composition of this kind and to a method for the production of a platinum composition.
1. A dispersion-hardened platinum composition comprising at least 70 wt. % platinum, the platinum composition containing up to 29.95 wt. % of one or more of rhodium, gold, iridium and palladium, the platinum composition containing between 0.05 wt. % and 1 wt. % oxides of the non-precious metals zirconium, yttrium and scandium, and the platinum composition containing, as the remainder, the platinum including impurities, wherein
between 8.0 mol. % and 10.0 mol. % of the oxides of the non-precious metals are yttrium oxide, between 0.1 mol. % and 5.0 mol. % of the oxides are scandium oxide, and the remainder of the oxides are zirconia, including oxide impurities.
2. The platinum composition of claim 1 , wherein the oxides of the non-precious metals zirconium, yttrium and scandium are completely oxidized at least by 70%.
3. The platinum composition of claim 1 , wherein the total proportion of impurities in the platinum composition is at most 1 wt. %.
4. The platinum composition of claim 1 , wherein at least 50 mol. % of the oxides of the non-precious metals are cubic zirconia stabilized with yttrium oxide and/or scandium oxide.
5. The platinum composition of claim 1 , wherein the platinum composition is produced by melting metallurgy, is then rolled out and is oxidized by heat treatment in an oxidizing medium such that the non-precious metals contained in the platinum composition are completely oxidized.
6. The platinum composition of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of yttrium oxide to scandium oxide in the platinum composition is in a range of from 2.6:1 to 10:1.
7. The platinum composition of claim 1 , wherein between 8.0 mol. % and 10.0 mol. % of the oxides are yttrium oxide.
8. The platinum composition of claim 1 , wherein between 1.0 mol. % and 3.0 mol. % of the oxides are scandium oxide.
9. The platinum composition of claim 1 , wherein
the platinum composition contains at least 80 wt. % platinum including impurities, and/or
the platinum composition contains at least 1 wt. % rhodium, gold, palladium or iridium.
10. The platinum composition of claim 1 , wherein
the platinum composition contains between 5 wt. % and 20 wt. % rhodium and no gold, iridium or palladium, except for impurities, or
the platinum composition contains between 2 wt. % and 10 wt. % gold and no rhodium, iridium or palladium, except for impurities.
11. The platinum composition of claim 1 , wherein the platinum composition has a creep strength of at least 500 h at 1400° C. under a load of 20 MPa.
12. The platinum composition of claim 1 produced by a process, the process comprising:
A) producing a melt having at least 70 wt. % platinum, up to 29.95 wt. % of one or more of rhodium, gold, iridium and palladium, between 0.05 wt. % and 1 wt. % oxidizable non-precious metals in the form of zirconium, yttrium and scandium, and, as the remainder, platinum including impurities, wherein the ratio of zirconium to yttrium in the melt is in a range of from 5.9:1 to 4.3:1 and the ratio of zirconium to scandium in the melt is at least 17.5:1,
B) hardening the melt to form a solid body,
C) processing the solid body to form a volume body; and
D) oxidizing the non-precious metals contained in the volume body by a heat treatment in an oxidizing medium over a time period of at least 48 hours at a temperature of at least 750° C.
13. The platinum composition of claim 1 , wherein the oxides of the non-precious metals zirconium, yttrium and scandium are completely oxidized at least by 90%.
14. The platinum composition of claim 1 , wherein at least 80 mol. % of the oxides of the non-precious metals are cubic zirconia stabilized with yttrium oxide and/or scandium oxide.
15. The platinum composition of claim 1 , wherein between 8.5 mol. % and 9.5 mol. % of the oxides are yttrium oxide.
16. The platinum composition of claim 1 , wherein between 1.5 mol. % and 2.5 mol. % of the oxides are scandium oxide.
17. A crucible for crystal growing, a semi-finished product, a tool, a tube, a stirrer, a fiberglass nozzle or a component for producing or processing glass having a platinum composition according to claim 1 .
18. A temperature sensor having a platinum composition according to claim 1 .