System and method for operating a multi-engine rotorcraft
The present disclosure provides methods and systems for operating a multi-engine rotorcraft. The method comprises driving a rotor of the rotorcraft with a first engine while a second engine is de-clutched from a transmission clutch system that couples the rotor and the second engine, instructing the second engine to accelerate to a re-clutching speed, and controlling an output shaft speed of the second engine during acceleration of the second engine to the re-clutching speed by applying a damping function to a speed control loop of the second engine.
1. A method for operating a multi-engine rotorcraft, the method comprising:
driving a rotor of the multi-engine rotorcraft with a first engine while a second engine is de-clutched from a transmission clutch system that couples the rotor and the second engine;
instructing the second engine to accelerate to a re-clutching speed; and
controlling an output shaft speed of the second engine during acceleration of the second engine to the re-clutching speed for limiting at least one of power or torque of the second engine for re-clutching the second engine to the transmission clutch system, the controlling comprising:
applying a limit to a torque request for the second engine, the applying the limit to the torque request comprising selecting a value of the torque request limit from a plurality of torque request limits based on the acceleration of the second engine; and
shaping a speed reference to which the output shaft speed tracks, the shaping the speed reference based on at least one of the acceleration of second engine and on a difference between the re-clutching speed and the output shaft speed of the second engine.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying the limit to the torque request for the second engine comprises determining a fuel flow needed to obtain the re-clutching speed.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein shaping the speed reference comprises slowing down the acceleration of the second engine before reaching the re-clutching speed.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein shaping the speed reference comprises tapering off the speed reference in a ramp profile to the re-clutching speed.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein shaping the speed reference comprises tapering off the speed reference in a hold profile followed by a ramp profile to the re-clutching speed.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein shaping the speed reference comprises tapering off the speed reference in a hold profile followed by a ramp profile to a target speed greater than the re-clutching speed before decreasing the speed reference to the re-clutching speed.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a limit to the acceleration rate of the second engine based on the output shaft speed of the second engine, the applying the limit to the acceleration rate comprising slowing down the acceleration rate of the second engine before reaching the re-clutching speed.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a limit to a fuel flow for the second engine based on the output shaft speed of the second engine, the applying the limit to the fuel flow comprising lowering a maximum fuel flow command to the second engine before reaching the re-clutching speed.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a limit to a rate of change of a fuel flow of the second engine based on one or more of time, sensed speed error, the acceleration of the second engine, sensed torque and collective lever pitch, the applying the limit to the rate of change of the Fuel flow of the second engine comprising decreasing the rate of change of the fuel flow upon re-clutching the second engine to the transmission clutch system.
10. A system for operating a multi-engine rotorcraft, the system comprising:
a processing unit; and
a non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon program instruction executable by the processing unit for:
driving a rotor of the multi-engine rotorcraft with a first engine while a second engine is de-clutched from a transmission clutch system that couples the rotor and the second engine;
instructing the second engine to accelerate to a re-clutching speed; and
controlling an output shaft speed of the second engine during acceleration of the second engine to the re-clutching speed for limiting at least one of power or torque of the second engine for re-clutching the second engine to the transmission clutch system, the controlling comprising:
applying a limit to a torque request for the second engine, the applying the limit to the torque request comprising selecting a value of the torque request limit from a plurality of torque request limits based on the acceleration of the second engine; and
shaping a speed reference to which the output shaft speed tracks, the shaping the speed reference based on at least one of the acceleration of the second engine and on a difference between the re-clutching speed and the output shaft speed of the second engine.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein applying the limit to the torque request for the second engine comprises determining a fuel flow needed to obtain the re-clutching speed.
12. The system of claim 10 , wherein shaping the speed reference comprises slowing down the acceleration of the second engine before reaching the re-clutching speed.
13. The system of claim 10 , wherein shaping the speed reference comprises tapering off the speed reference in a ramp profile to the re-clutching speed.
14. The system of claim 10 , wherein shaping the speed reference comprises tapering off the speed reference in a hold profile followed by a ramp profile to the re-clutching speed.
15. The system of claim 10 , wherein shaping the speed reference comprises tapering off the speed reference in a hold profile followed by a ramp profile to a target speed greater than the re-clutching speed before decreasing the speed reference to the re-clutching speed.
16. The system of claim 10 , further comprising applying a limit to the acceleration rate of the second engine based on the output shaft speed of the second engine, the applying the limit to the acceleration rate comprising slowing down the acceleration rate of the second engine before reaching the re-clutching speed.
17. The system of claim 10 , further comprising applying a limit to a fuel flow for the second engine based on the output shaft speed of the second engine, the applying the limit to the fuel flow comprising lowering a maximum fuel flow command to the second engine before reaching the re-clutching speed.
18. The system of claim 10 , further comprising applying a limit to a rate of change of a fuel flow of the second engine based on one or more of time, sensed speed error, the acceleration of the second engine, sensed torque and collective lever pitch, the applying the limit to the rate of change of the fuel flow of the second engine comprising decreasing the rate of change of the fuel flow upon re-clutching the second engine to the transmission clutch system.