Aligned nematic elastomer

1. A synthetic aligned nematic elastomer having auxetic properties, wherein the aligned nematic elastomer has a mechanical Fréedericksz transition;

wherein the synthetic aligned nematic elastomer comprises a monodomain liquid crystal elastomer;

wherein the monodomain liquid crystal elastomer comprises: a polymeric component; a liquid crystal mesogen component; and a cross-linker component, wherein the liquid crystal mesogen component is physically linked to the polymeric component;

and wherein the liquid crystal mesogen component comprises a liquid core component selected from one or more of the following systems:

wherein R and R′ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, halide, NO 2 and —CN, and wherein the alkyl and alkoxy groups may be bivalent when forming part of the linking group which connects the liquid crystal core component to the polymeric component; and X and Y are independently selected from the group consisting of —CH═CH—, —CH═N—, —N═N—, and —C(O)O—.

2. The synthetic aligned nematic elastomer according to claim 1 , wherein the auxetic properties enable the material to be used in a medical device or in a biomedical application.

3. The synthetic aligned nematic elastomer according to claim 1 , wherein the auxetic properties enable the material to be used in a piezoelectric sensor or actuator, or in a micro- or nano-mechanical or electromechanical device.

4. The synthetic aligned nematic elastomer according to claim 1 , wherein the auxetic properties enable the material to be used in composite materials as reinforcements, or in personal protection clothing.

5. The synthetic aligned nematic elastomer according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric component is formed from both mesogenic and non-mesogenic components.

6. The synthetic aligned nematic elastomer according to claim 1 , wherein the crosslinker component comprises a mesogenic component.

7. A method of using a synthetic aligned nematic elastomer having auxetic properties in an application requiring auxetic properties, wherein the aligned nematic elastomer has a mechanical Fréedericksz transition;

wherein the monodomain liquid crystal elastomer comprises: a polymeric component a liquid crystal mesogen component and a cross-linker component, wherein the liquid crystal mesogen component is physically linked to the polymeric component;

and wherein the liquid crystal mesogen component comprises a liquid core component selected from one or more of the following systems:

wherein R and R′ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, halide, NO 2 and —CN, and wherein the alkyl and alkoxy groups may be bivalent when forming part of the linking group which connects the liquid crystal core component to the polymeric component and X and Y are independently selected from the group consisting of —CH═CH—, —CH═N—, —N═N—, and —C(O)O—.

8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the auxetic properties enable the material to be used in a medical device or in a biomedical application.

9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the auxetic properties enable the material to be used in a piezoelectric sensor or actuator, or in a micro- or nano-mechanical or electromechanical device.

10. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the auxetic properties enable the material to be used in composite materials as reinforcements, or in personal protection clothing.

11. A method of producing a synthetic aligned nematic elastomer having auxetic properties, said method comprising the steps of:

a) applying an aligning means to a substrate

b) applying liquid crystal elastomer components to the substrate and allowing them to form an aligned nematic phase

c) curing the liquid crystal elastomer components to form an aligned nematic elastomer;

wherein the aligned nematic elastomer has a mechanical Fréedericksz transition;

wherein the synthetic aligned nematic elastomer comprises a monodomain liquid crystal elastomer;

wherein the monodomain liquid crystal elastomer comprises: a polymeric component a liquid crystal mesogen component and a cross-linker component, wherein the liquid crystal mesogen component is physically linked to the polymeric component;

and wherein the liquid crystal mesogen component comprises a liquid core component selected from one or more of the following systems:

wherein R and R′ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, halide, NO 2 and —CN, and wherein the alkyl and alkoxy groups may be bivalent when forming part of the linking group which connects the liquid crystal core component to the polymeric component and X and Y are independently selected from the group consisting of —CH═CH—, —CH═N—, —N═N—, and —C(O)O—.

12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the aligning means is an aligning force which is applied by brushing the substrate.