Multi-mode DC-to-DC power converter
An apparatus is disclosed for implementing a multi-mode direct-current (DC)-to-DC power converter. In an example aspect, the apparatus includes a DC-to-DC power converter with a flying capacitor, an inductor, and four switches. The inductor is coupled between a second node and a battery node. A first switch is coupled between a first node and a first terminal of the flying capacitor. A second switch is coupled between the first terminal and the second node. A third switch is coupled between a second terminal of the flying capacitor and the second node. A fourth switch is coupled between the second terminal and a ground node. The DC-to-DC power converter is configured to selectively transfer power from the first node to the battery node according to a first operational mode and transfer other power from the battery node to the first node according to a second operational mode.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a direct-current (DC)-to-DC power converter comprising:
a first node, a second node, a battery node, and a ground node;
a flying capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal;
an inductor coupled between the second node and the battery node;
a first switch coupled between the first node and the first terminal of the flying capacitor;
a second switch coupled between the first terminal of the flying capacitor and the second node;
a third switch coupled between the second terminal of the flying capacitor and the second node;
a fourth switch coupled between the second terminal of the flying capacitor and the ground node;
a soft start circuit having a first pair of current sources connected to the first terminal of the flying capacitor and a second pair of current sources connected to the second terminal of the flying capacitor; and
wherein the DC-to-DC power converter is configured to selectively:
transfer power from the first node to the battery node according to a first forward-charging operational mode; and
transfer other power from the battery node to the first node according to a second reverse-charging operational mode.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the DC-to-DC power converter is configured to selectively:
operate as a three-level buck converter according to the first forward-charging operational mode; and
operate as a two-level boost converter according to the second reverse-charging operational mode.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the DC-to-DC power converter is configured to selectively operate as a divide-by-two charge pump to transfer the power from the first node to the battery node according to a third forward-charging operational mode; and
the DC-to-DC power converter comprises a bypass switch coupled between the second node and the battery node, the bypass switch configured to selectively be:
in a closed state based on the third forward-charging operational mode; and
in an open state based on the first forward-charging operational mode or the second reverse-charging operational mode.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a control circuit coupled to the DC-to-DC power converter, the control circuit configured to enable the DC-to-DC power converter to transition between the first forward-charging operational mode and the second reverse-charging operational mode, wherein:
the DC-to-DC power converter comprises a capacitor coupled between the first node and a ground; and
the DC-to-DC power converter is configured to selectively:
operate in a soft-start state during the second reverse-charging operational mode to adjust a voltage across the flying capacitor while at least one of the first switch or the fourth switch is in the open state; or
operate in a steady state during the second reverse-charging operational mode such that the flying capacitor is connected in parallel to the capacitor.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the control circuit comprises:
a soft-start circuit coupled to the first terminal of the flying capacitor and the second terminal of the flying capacitor, the soft-start circuit configured to adjust the voltage across the flying capacitor based on a voltage at the first node, the voltage across the flying capacitor, and a reference voltage; and
a driver circuit coupled to the first switch and the fourth switch, the driver circuit configured to selectively:
cause at least one of the first switch or the fourth switch to be in the open state during the soft-start state; and
cause both the first switch and the fourth switch to be in a closed state during the steady state.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the control circuit comprises:
a voltage sensor coupled to the first terminal of the flying capacitor and the second terminal of the flying capacitor, the voltage sensor configured to measure the voltage across the flying capacitor; and
a comparator coupled to the voltage sensor, the first node, the reference voltage, and the driver circuit, the comparator configured to cause the driver circuit to transition from operating the DC-to-DC power converter in the soft-start state to operating the DC-to-DC power converter in the steady state responsive to an absolute value of a difference between the voltage at the first node and the voltage across the flying capacitor being less than the reference voltage.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the driver circuit is coupled to the second switch and the third switch, and the driver circuit is configured to cause, responsive to the voltage at the first node being less than another reference voltage:
the first switch and the second switch to alternate between the open state and the closed state according to a first signal during the soft-start state; and
the third switch and the fourth switch to alternate between the open state and the closed state according to a second signal during the soft-start state, a phase difference between the first signal and the second signal being approximately 180 degrees.
8. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the driver circuit is configured to cause, responsive to the voltage at the first node being greater than another reference voltage, the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, and the fourth switch to be in the closed state during the soft-start state.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the battery node is configured to be coupled to a battery;
the ground node is configured to be coupled to a ground; and
the first node is configured to be selectively coupled to:
a power source based on the DC-to-DC power converter being in the first operational forward-charging mode; and
an external load based on the DC-to-DC power converter being in the second reverse-charging operational mode.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the battery node is configured to be selectively:
coupled to a load based on the DC-to-DC power converter being in the first forward-charging operational mode; and
coupled to a battery based on the DC-to-DC power converter being in the second reverse-charging operational mode.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the load comprises at least one processor and a display screen; and
the DC-to-DC power converter is configured to transfer the power to the at least one processor and the display screen.