Analog circuit differential pair element mismatch detection using spectral separation
A method for use in an analog circuit having a plurality of differential pairs of elements, wherein for each pair of the plurality of differential pairs of elements, the elements of the pair are designed to match but may have mismatch that induces error. The method includes, for each pair of at least two pairs of the plurality of differential pairs of elements: spectrally separating the mismatch-induced error of the pair from mismatch-induced error of a remainder of the plurality of differential pairs of elements, monitoring, by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), an output of the analog circuit, and analyzing the monitored output to measure the mismatch-induced error of the pair.
1. A method for use in an analog circuit having a plurality of differential pairs of elements, wherein for each pair of the plurality of differential pairs of elements, the elements of the pair are designed to match but may have mismatch that induces error, comprising:
for each pair of at least two pairs of the plurality of differential pairs of elements:
spectrally separating the mismatch-induced error of the pair from mismatch-induced error of a remainder of the plurality of differential pairs of elements;
monitoring, by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), an output of the analog circuit; and
analyzing the monitored output to measure the mismatch-induced error of the pair.
2. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein said spectrally separating the mismatch-induced error of the pair comprises chopping the pair and not chopping the remainder of the plurality of differential pairs.
3. The method of claim 2 ,
wherein said analyzing the monitored output to measure the mismatch-induced error of the pair comprises measuring the monitored output around a frequency at which the pair is chopped.
4. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein said spectrally separating the mismatch-induced error of the pair comprises not chopping the pair and chopping the remainder of the plurality of differential pairs.
5. The method of claim 4 ,
wherein a frequency at which said chopping the remainder of the plurality of differential pairs is performed is a frequency that causes the mismatch-induced error of the remainder to fall outside a measurement bandwidth of the ADC.
6. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein each of the at least two pairs are simultaneously chopped at distinct chopping frequencies to perform said spectrally separating the mismatch-induced error of the pair;
wherein all of the distinct chopping frequencies are within a measurement bandwidth of the ADC; and
wherein said analyzing the monitored output to measure the mismatch-induced error of the pair comprises digitally filtering the monitored output around each of the distinct chopping frequencies.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
compensating for the measured mismatch-induced error of the pair of at least one pair of the at least two pairs of the plurality of differential pairs of elements.
8. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein said analyzing the monitored output to measure the mismatch-induced error of the pair is performed for the at least two pairs in sequence; and
compensating for the measured mismatch-induced error of the pair in the sequence after each mismatch-induced error is measured.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
making a pass/fail determination for an integrated circuit that includes the analog circuit based on whether the measured mismatch-induced error exceeds a threshold.
10. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein the mismatch-induced error of the pair comprises an input offset of a gain stage of the analog circuit.
11. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein the method is performed during a calibration stage of a product test of the analog circuit.
12. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein the method is performed during an idle mode of operation of the analog circuit.
13. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein the method is performed during normal operation of the analog circuit.
14. An apparatus, comprising:
an analog circuit having a plurality of differential pairs of elements, wherein for each pair of the plurality of differential pairs of elements, the elements of the pair are designed to match but may have mismatch that induces error;
an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to monitor an output of the analog circuit; and
a controller configured to, for each pair of at least two pairs of the plurality of differential pairs of elements:
spectrally separate the mismatch-induced error of the pair from mismatch-induced error of a remainder of the plurality of differential pairs of elements; and
analyze the monitored output to measure the mismatch-induced error of the pair.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 ,
wherein the controller spectrally separates the mismatch-induced error of the pair by controlling chopping switches to chop the pair and to not chop the remainder of the plurality of differential pairs.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 ,
wherein the controller analyzes the monitored output to measure the mismatch-induced error of the pair by measuring the monitored output around a frequency at which the pair is chopped.
17. The apparatus of claim 14 ,
wherein the controller spectrally separates the mismatch-induced error of the pair by controlling chopping switches to not chop the pair and to chop the remainder of the plurality of differential pairs.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 ,
wherein a frequency at which the remainder of the plurality of differential pairs is chopped is a frequency that causes the mismatch-induced error of the remainder to fall outside a measurement bandwidth of the ADC.
19. The apparatus of claim 14 ,
wherein the controller spectrally separates the mismatch-induced error of the pair by controlling chopping switches to simultaneously chop each of the at least two pairs at distinct chopping frequencies;
wherein all of the distinct chopping frequencies are within a measurement bandwidth of the ADC; and
wherein the controller analyzes the monitored output to measure the mismatch-induced error of the pair by digitally filtering the monitored output around each of the distinct chopping frequencies.
20. The apparatus of claim 14 ,
wherein the controller is further configured to compensate for the measured mismatch-induced error of the pair.
21. The apparatus of claim 14 ,
wherein the mismatch-induced error of the pair comprises an input offset of a gain stage of the analog circuit.
22. A method for use in an analog circuit having at least one differential pair of elements, wherein for each pair of the at least one differential pair of elements, the elements of the pair are designed to match but may have mismatch that induces error, comprising:
measuring, using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a first value of the mismatch of the pair at a first chopping frequency;
measuring, using the ADC, a second value of the mismatch of the pair at a second chopping frequency distinct from the first chopping frequency; and
measuring a chopping-induced error based on a difference between the first and second values of the mismatch of the pair.
23. The method of claim 22 , further comprising:
compensating for the measured chopping-induced error.
24. The method of claim 22 , further comprising:
making a pass/fail determination for an integrated circuit that includes the analog circuit based on whether the measured chopping-induced error exceeds a threshold.