Frequency selective limiter having reduced spike leakage
Described is a frequency selective limiter (FSL) module comprising a cascade of an FSL and a functional limiter (e.g. a conventional semiconductor limiter comprising a PIN diode) with steady state limiting and power threshold values selected such the FSL module provides suppression of a spike leakage power and while still enabling frequency selective limiting.
1. A frequency selective limiter (FSL) module comprising:
an RF ferrite-based FSL; and
an RF functional limiter coupled to an output of the RF ferrite-based FSL, the RF functional limiter having a power threshold characteristic which is higher than a steady-state limited output power characteristic of the RF ferrite-based FSL.
2. The FSL module of claim 1 wherein the RF functional limiter having a power threshold characteristic which is at least 0.25 dB higher than the steady-state limited output power characteristic of the RF ferrite-based FSL.
3. The FSL module of claim 1 wherein the power threshold characteristic of the RF functional limiter is in a range of about 0.25 dB to about 2 db higher than the steady-state limited output power characteristic of the RF ferrite-based FSL.
4. The FSL module of claim 1 wherein the RF ferrite-based FSL is one of: a polycrystalline ferrite FSL; and a single crystal ferrite RF ferrite-based FSL.
5. The FSL module of claim 1 wherein the RF ferrite-based FSL is a first one of a plurality of serially coupled RF ferrite-based FSLs.
6. The FSL module of claim 5 wherein the RF functional limiter is coupled to the RF ferrite-based FSL closest to an output port of the FSL module.
7. The FSL module of claim 5 wherein at least one of the plurality of RF ferrite-based FSLs is a polycrystalline ferrite FSL.
8. The FSL module of claim 5 wherein at least one of the plurality of RF ferrite-based FSLs is a single crystal FSL.
9. The FSL module of claim 1 wherein the RF ferrite-based FSL is a first RF ferrite-based FSL and comprises a polycrystalline ferrite FSL.
10. The FSL module of claim 9 further comprising:
a second RF ferrite-based FSL corresponding to a single crystal FSL wherein the polycrystalline ferrite FSL is cascade coupled to the single crystal ferrite FSL and the RF functional limiter is coupled to the output of the second RF ferrite-based FSL.
11. The FSL module of claim 10 wherein the RF functional limiter is provided having a power threshold which is above a steady state limiting output power of the combination of the first and second RF ferrite-based FSLs.
12. The FSL module of claim 1 further comprising at least one of:
a double-ridge wave waveguide;
a rectangular waveguide;
a stripline waveguide;
a co-planar waveguide;
a substrate-integrated waveguide;
a microstrip waveguide;
a slotline waveguide; and
a coaxial waveguide.
13. A frequency selective limiter (FSL) module having a large limiting dynamic range, the FSL module comprising:
at least one polycrystalline ferrite FSL stage;
at least one single crystal ferrite FSL stage cascade coupled to polycrystalline ferrite FSL stage; and
a functional limiter coupled after an output of the single crystal ferrite FSL, the functional limiter having a power threshold between an input power characteristic of the polycrystalline ferrite FSL and a steady-state limited output power of the polycrystalline ferrite FSL.
14. The FSL module of claim 13 wherein the functional limiter is a semiconductor limiter.
15. The FSL module of claim 13 further comprising a plurality of polycrystalline and/or single crystal FSL stages.
16. The FSL module of claim 13 further comprising at least one of:
a double-ridge wave waveguide;
a rectangular waveguide;
a stripline waveguide;
a co-planar waveguide;
a substrate-integrated waveguide;
a microstrip waveguide;
a slotline waveguide; and
a coaxial waveguide.
17. A low-cost high-power handling, high dynamic range frequency selective limiter (FSL) module comprising:
a polycrystalline ferrite FSL cascade coupled to a semiconductor functional limiter, wherein the semiconductor functional limiter is provided having a power threshold below a steady-state limited output power characteristic of the polycrystalline ferrite FSL and a maximum input power of the semiconductor functional limiter is above a steady-state limited output power characteristic of the polycrystalline ferrite FSL.
18. The FSL module of claim 17 further comprising at least one of:
a double-ridge wave waveguide;
a rectangular waveguide;
a stripline waveguide;
a co-planar waveguide;
a substrate-integrated waveguide;
a microstrip waveguide;
a slotline waveguide; and
a coaxial waveguide.
19. A hybrid ferrite-based frequency selective limiter (FSL) module comprising:
a single crystal frequency selective limiter (FSL) substrate;
a polycrystalline FSL substrate;
an FSL circuit disposed between a first surface of the single crystal FSL substrate and a first surface of the polycrystalline FSL substrate, the FSL circuit configured such that an electromagnetic (EM) wave provided to an input of the FSL module simultaneously propagates in both the single crystal FSL substrate and the polycrystalline FSL substrate.
20. The FSL module of claim 19 wherein the FSL circuit comprises a co-planar waveguide (CPW) such that the EM wave propagates in both the single crystal FSL substrate and the polycrystalline FSL substrate materials simultaneously and is processed by both the single crystal FSL substrate and the polycrystalline FSL substrate materials differently.