Jointed wind turbine rotor blade having spar cap constructed of varying forms of materials along its span
A rotor blade for a wind turbine includes first and second blade segments extending in opposite directions from a chord-wise joint. Each of the first and second blade segments has at least one shell member defining an airfoil surface and an internal support structure. The first blade segment includes a beam structure extending lengthwise that structurally connects with the second blade segment at a receiving section. At least one of the internal support structures of the first and second blade segments includes at least one spar cap. The rotor blade also includes one or more pin joints positioned on the spar cap(s) for connecting the blade segments. The spar cap is constructed of varying forms of materials along a span of the rotor blade, including at least two of: one or more infused composite laminates, one or more pre-preg composite laminates, one or more pre-fabricated or pre-cured composite elements, one or more additively-manufactured structures, or one or more non-composite structural solids.
1. A rotor blade for a wind turbine, comprising:
a first blade segment and a second blade segment extending in opposite directions from a chord-wise joint, each of the first and second blade segments comprising at least one shell member defining an airfoil surface and an internal support structure, the first blade segment comprising a beam structure extending lengthwise that structurally connects with the second blade segment at a receiving section, wherein the beam structure of the first blade segment comprises at least one spar cap and a shear web connected with the at least one spar cap; and
at least one chord-wise extending pin joint and at least one span-wise extending pin joint integral with the at least one spar cap for connecting the first and second blade segments,
wherein at least one spar cap comprises varying forms of materials along a span of the rotor blade, the varying forms of materials comprising at least, a first material form and a different, second material form, the first and second materials forms being at different span-wise locations of the rotor blade, wherein at least one pin joint slot is embedded in the first material form of the varying forms of materials for receiving the at least one chord-wise pin joint or the at least one span-wise pin joint,
wherein the first material form comprises one or more pultruded profiles, the one or more pultruded profiles being provided at locations of the at least one pin joint slot,
wherein the second material form comprises one or more infused composite laminates comprising one or more dry fabrics cured within at least one resin material, the one or more dry fabrics provided at remaining portions of the at least one spar cap to include one or more tapering areas of the at least one spar cap towards a blade tip of the rotor blade.
2. The rotor blade of claim 1 , wherein the one or more dry fabrics comprise at least one of glass fibers, carbon fibers, polymer fibers, wood fibers, bamboo fibers, ceramic fibers, nanofibers, metal fibers, or combinations thereof.
3. The rotor blade of claim 1 , wherein the one or more tapering areas of the at least one spar cap are located within 25% of the span of the rotor blade from the blade tip.
4. The rotor blade of claim 1 , wherein the one or more pultruded profiles comprise at least one of pultruded plates or pultruded rods.
5. The rotor blade of claim 1 , wherein the at least one resin material comprises at least one of a thermoset resin or a thermoplastic resin.
6. A method for manufacturing a rotor blade of a wind turbine, the method comprising:
forming at least one blade segment of the rotor blade, the at least one blade segment having at least one shell member defining an airfoil surface;
forming an internal support structure for the at least one blade segment, the at least one blade segment having at least one spar cap and a shear web connected with the at least one spar cap, the at least one spar cap formed using varying forms of materials along a span of the rotor blade, the varying forms of materials comprising, at least, a first material form and a different, second material form, the first and second materials forms being at different span-wise locations of the rotor blade;
embedding at least one pin joint slot in the first material form of the varying forms of materials; and
securing the internal support structure to the at least one blade segment by inserting at least one chord-wise pin or at least one span-wise pin into the at least one pin joint slot;
wherein the first material form comprises one or more pultruded profiles, the one or more pultruded profiles being provided at locations of the at least one pin joint slot,
wherein the second material form comprises one or more infused composite laminates comprising one or more dry fabrics cured within at least one resin material, the one or more dry fabrics provided at remaining portions of the at least one spar cap to include one or more tapering areas of the at least one spar cap towards a blade tip of the rotor blade.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein forming the internal support structure for the at least one blade segment having the at least one spar cap further comprises:
evaluating design criteria for the at least one spar cap along the span; and
determining the varying forms of materials based on the design criteria.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the design criteria comprises at least one of cost, weight, mechanical properties, manufacturability, and/or derivatives or combinations thereof.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the one or more tapering areas of the at least one spar cap are located within 25% of the span of the rotor blade from the blade tip.
10. The method of claim 6 , wherein the one or more pultruded profiles comprise at least one of pultruded plates or pultruded rods.
11. The method of claim 6 , wherein the at least one resin material comprises at least one of a thermoset resin or a thermoplastic resin.