Flow measurement for a gas turbine engine
A flow machine having a flow passage and an air flow measurement system comprising a plurality of acoustic sensors. The acoustic sensors comprise at least one acoustic transmitter configured to transmit an acoustic waveform through the airflow passing through the flow passage to an acoustic receiver. At least one of the acoustic sensors is rotatable relative to one or more other acoustic sensor.
1. A flow machine having a flow passage and an airflow measurement system, the airflow measurement system comprising:
a plurality of acoustic sensors;
the acoustic sensors comprising at least one acoustic transmitter configured to transmit an acoustic waveform through airflow passing through the flow passage to an acoustic receiver, wherein
at least a first acoustic sensor of the acoustic sensors is rotatable relative to at least a second acoustic sensor of the acoustic sensors,
the second acoustic sensor is mounted at an intake of the flow machine on a casing of the flow passage, and
the first acoustic sensor is mounted to a rotatable hub or shaft provided within the casing at the intake of the flow machine.
2. The flow machine of claim 1 , where the flow machine comprises a compressor rotatable about an axis, the first acoustic sensor mounted to the rotatable hub or the shaft being rotatable about said axis.
3. The flow machine of claim 2 , wherein the first acoustic sensor is provided at a first radial distance from said axis and the second acoustic sensor is provided at a second, greater radial distance from said axis.
4. The flow machine of claim 1 , where the rotatable hub comprises a compressor fan hub.
5. The flow machine of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of acoustic sensors are circumferentially spaced on the rotatable portion and/or casing respectively.
6. The flow machine of claim 1 , wherein the respective lines of sight between each of the acoustic sensors provided on the rotatable hub and the acoustic sensors provided on the casing substantially span an entire flow area between the hub and the casing at a given time frame.
7. The flow machine of claim 1 , wherein at least one acoustic sensor is recessed or mounted flush on the rotatable portion and/or casing.
8. The flow machine of claim 1 , wherein the first acoustic sensor mounted to the rotatable hub or shaft is configured to sweep an area of the intake.
9. The flow machine of claim 8 , wherein the first acoustic sensor mounted to the rotatable hub or shaft is configured to sweep an entire flow area between the hub and the casing during a revolution thereof.
10. The flow machine of claim 1 , wherein the first acoustic sensor mounted to the rotatable hub or shaft is rotatable about an axis substantially parallel to any or any combination of a central axis of the flow passage; the direction of airflow through the flow passage and/or a rotational axis of the flow machine.
11. The flow machine of claim 1 , where the acoustic sensors are all arranged in a single plane.
12. The flow machine of claim 1 , wherein the first acoustic sensor is wirelessly electrically coupled to allow electrical power or electrical communication to be provided thereto.
13. The flow machine of claim 1 , wherein the first acoustic sensor is electrically coupled via rotating electrical interface to allow electrical power or electrical communication to be provided thereto.
14. The flow machine of claim 1 , wherein the flow machine is a turbomachine or a gas turbine engine.
15. A system configured to determine airflow through a flow machine having a flow passage, the system comprising:
a plurality of acoustic sensors, the acoustic sensors comprising at least one acoustic transmitter configured to transmit an acoustic waveform through the airflow passing through the flow passage to an acoustic receiver, wherein at least a first acoustic sensor is rotatable relative to a second acoustic sensor; and
a processing system configured to receive signals from the acoustic sensors and determine a flow rate of the airflow through the flow passage, wherein
the second acoustic sensor is mounted at an intake of the flow machine on a casing of the flow passage, and
the first acoustic sensor is mounted to a rotatable hub or shaft provided within the casing at the intake of the flow machine.
16. A method of determining airflow properties of an airflow through a flow passage of a flow machine, the method comprising the steps of:
providing signal communication with a plurality of acoustic sensors mounted relative to the flow passage, wherein at least a first acoustic sensor of the acoustic sensors is rotatable relative to at least a second acoustic sensor of the acoustic sensors;
determining a time of flight of an acoustic waveform between said plurality of acoustic sensors; and
using the time of flight between the plurality of sensors to determine an average flow velocity of the airflow through the flow passage, wherein
the second acoustic sensor is mounted at an intake of the flow machine on a casing of the flow passage, and
the first acoustic sensor is mounted to a rotatable hub or shaft provided within the casing at the intake of the flow machine.