CD8 T cell subsets as a biomarker for predicting non-fusion after spinal fusion surgery
Provided herein is a method for predicting the probability of having or developing a non-fusion, wherein said method comprises determining the frequency of a subpopulation of CD8+ T cells selected from CD8+CD57+, CD8+CD28− and CD8+CD57+CD28− in a sample obtained from a patient. Also provided herein is a system for predicting the probability of having or developing a non-fusion.
1. A method for treating a human patient that has an elevated probability of having or developing a non-fusion before undergoing a spinal fusion surgery or after a spinal fusion surgery, wherein said method comprises detecting the frequency of a subpopulation of CD8+ T cells selected from the group consisting of CD8+CD57+, CD8+CD28− and CD8+CD57+CD28− in a blood sample obtained from a human patient, thereby determining if the human patient has an elevated probability for having or developing non-fusion,
wherein:
a blood sample exhibiting an at least two-fold higher frequency of said subpopulation of CD8+ T cell when compared to a standard value determined for a population with normal fusion after bone fusion is assigned to a human patient having an elevated probability for having or developing non-fusion after spinal fusion surgery, and/or
a blood sample exhibiting a fraction of CD8+CD57+CD28− cells referred to the total sum of all CD8+ cell in said blood sample of at least 22.7% is assigned to a human patient having an elevated probability for having or developing non-fusion after spinal fusion surgery, and/or
a blood sample exhibiting a summed fraction of CD8+CD57+ cells and CD8+CD28− cells referred to the total sum of all CD8+ cells in said blood sample of at least 85.6% is assigned to a human patient having an elevated probability for having or developing non-fusion after spinal fusion surgery, and/or
a blood sample exhibiting a fraction of CD8+CD57+ cells referred to the total sum of all CD8+ cells in said blood sample of at least 24.4% is assigned to a human patient having an elevated probability for having or developing non-fusion after spinal fusion surgery, and/or
a blood sample exhibiting a fraction of CD8+CD28− cells referred to the total sum of all CD8+ cells in said blood sample of at least 28.0% is assigned to a human patient having an elevated probability for having or developing non-fusion after spinal fusion; and
administering to the human patient determined to have an elevated probability for having or developing non-fusion after spinal fusion, a bone morphogenic protein selected from the group consisting of BMP-2 and BMP-7.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said non-fusion is a non-fusion between two or more bones or bone segments naturally not connected by osseous tissue.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said blood sample is a blood sample that has been obtained before, during or after spinal fusion surgery from said human patient.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a blood sample exhibiting a fraction of CD8+CD57+CD28− cells referred to the total sum of all CD8+ cell in said blood sample of at least 33.1%, is assigned to a human patient having an elevated probability for having or developing non-fusion after spinal fusion surgery.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a blood sample exhibiting a fraction of CD8+CD57+ cells referred to the total sum of all CD8+ cells in said blood sample of at least 37.6%, is assigned to a human patient having an elevated probability for having or developing non-fusion after spinal fusion surgery.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a blood sample exhibiting a fraction of CD8+CD28− cells referred to the total sum of all CD8+ cells in said blood sample of at least 42.9%, is assigned to a human patient having an elevated probability for having or developing non-fusion after spinal fusion.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said non-fusion is a non-fusion between two or more vertebrae.