Method of making a fertilizer seed core
Described herein is a method of making a fertilizer granule. The method includes supplying a fertilizer component, an liquid component, a binder and a filler to a zoned extruder comprising a die head, a screw, and at least three zones; mixing the fertilizer component, liquid component, binder and filler to yield a thixotropic mixture; and passing the thixotropic mixture through the die head.
1. A method of making a fertilizer seed core, the method comprising:
supplying a fertilizer component, a liquid component, a binder and a filler to a zoned extruder comprising a die head, a screw, and at least three zones;
supplying the fertilizer component and the binder to the extruder and supplying the liquid component to the extruder following the fertilizer component and the binder;
mixing the fertilizer component, the liquid component, the binder and the filler to yield a thixotropic mixture comprising equal distribution of the fertilizer component, the liquid component, the binder and the filler; and
passing the thixotropic mixture through the die head, wherein the die head comprises openings 0.5 to 4 millimeter in diameter and wherein either one or both of the end of the screw is 1-15 millimeters from the die head and/or the extrusion process has a residence time of 5 to 15 minutes.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the die head openings have a land length of 3 to 16 millimeters.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the binder is supplied to the extruder following the fertilizer component.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fertilizer component and the binder are supplied to a first zone of the extruder and the liquid component is supplied to a second zone downstream of the first zone.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the binder is present in an amount of 25 to 90 weight percent, based on a combined weight of the fertilizer component, the liquid component, the the binder and the filler.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid component is present in an amount of 7 to 25 weight percent, based on a combined weight of the fertilizer component, the liquid component, the binder and the filler.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filler comprises chalk powder, silica, rice husk, dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), calcite, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, dolomite, talc, sand, chalk powder, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, magnesium oxide, monopotassium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, or a combination comprising one or more of the foregoing.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filler is present in an amount of 5 to 50 weight percent, based on the combined weight of the fertilizer component, the liquid component, the binder, and the filler.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the binder comprises Plaster of Paris, flour, starch, cellulose, gluten, colloidal silica, kaolin, bentonite, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid component comprises an aqueous component.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising supplying a viscoelastic agent to the zoned extruder.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the die head comprises eccentric openings.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the die head has out flow openings having a diameter that is 30 to 70% of an intake opening diameter of the die head.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the die head openings are conical.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fertilizer component is present in an amount of 0.25 to 55 weight percent, based on a combined weight of the fertilizer component, liquid component, binder and filler.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fertilizer component comprises a nitrification inhibitor, an urease inhibitor, and/or a micronutrient.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the fertilizer component comprises one or more of N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, thio-urea, dicyandiamide, phenyl phosphorodiamidate, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine, 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol, 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methyl-pyrimidine, 2-mercapto-benzothiazole, and/or 2-sulfaminalamidothiazole.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the fertilizer component comprises N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide and/or dicyandiamide.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the fertilizer component is present in an amount of 0.25 to 55 weight percent, based on a combined weight of the fertilizer component, the liquid component, the binder and the filler.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the binder is present at 25 to 87.75 weight percent, the liquid component is present at 7 to 25 weight percent, and the filler is present at 5 to 50 weight percent, based on a combined weight of the fertilizer component, the liquid component, the binder and the filler.