Masked cytokine polypeptides
Provided herein are cytokines or functional fragments thereof that, in some embodiments, are engineered to be masked by a masking moiety at one or more receptor binding site(s) of the cytokine or functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the cytokines are engineered to be activatable by a protease at a target site, such as in a tumor microenvironment, by including a proteolytically cleavable linker. In some embodiments, the proteolytically cleavable linker links the cytokine to the masking moiety, links the cytokine to a half-life extension domain, and/or links the masking moiety to a half-life extension domain. The masking moiety blocks, occludes, inhibits (e.g., decreases) or otherwise prevents (e.g., masks) the activity or binding of the cytokine to its cognate receptor or protein. Upon proteolytic cleavage of the cleavable linker at the target site, the cytokine becomes activated, which renders it capable of binding to its cognate receptor or protein with increased affinity.
1. A method of inhibiting tumor growth in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a masked cytokine comprising:
a) a first half-life extension domain and a second half-life extension domain, wherein the first half-life extension domain is a first Fc domain or fragment thereof, and the second half-life extension domain is a second Fc domain or fragment thereof;
b) a masking moiety comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 98% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10; and
c) a cytokine, wherein the cytokine is an IL-2 polypeptide, wherein the IL-2 polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3; wherein the masking moiety is linked to the first half-life extension domain via a first linker, wherein the first linker comprises a cleavable peptide;
wherein the cytokine is linked to the second half-life extension domain via a second linker; and
wherein the first half-life extension domain and the second half-life extension domain contain modifications promoting the association of the first and the second half-life extension domain.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the masking moiety comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 826.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first Fc domain or fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 155, and the second Fc domain or fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 156.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cleavable peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 96.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first linker comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, and the second linker comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 339.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first Fc domain or fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 155, and the second Fc domain or fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 156.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cleavable peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 96.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first linker comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, and the second linker comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 339.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the masking moiety comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 826; wherein the first Fc domain or fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 155, and the second Fc domain or fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 156; and wherein the first linker comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, and the second linker comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 339.