Toner
A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin and a crystalline resin, wherein the binder resin comprises an amorphous resin, when the toner is measured with a temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimeter, at least one endothermic peak derived from the crystalline resin is present in a temperature range from 55.0° C. to 95.0° C. in a total heat flow; and a ratio of an endothermic quantity of the endothermic peak in a reversing heat flow to an endothermic quantity of the endothermic peak in the total heat flow is 50.0% or more, a glass transition temperature Tg1st obtained in the reversing heat flow in a first temperature rise and a glass transition temperature Tg2nd obtained in a reversing heat flow in a second temperature rise satisfy Tg1st−Tg2nd≥7.0° C.
1. A toner, comprising:
a toner particle comprising a binder resin and a crystalline polyester resin;
the binder resin comprises an amorphous polyester resin comprising a hybrid resin having a vinyl polymer segment and an amorphous polyester segment;
the amorphous polyester segment comprising at least one monomer unit selected from the group consisting of formulae (B) and (C)
where m represents an integer of 6 to 30, and n represents an integer of 4 to 28;
a total amount of monomer units represented by formulae (B) and (C) is 1 to 20 mol parts when a total of monomer units other than the monomer unit represented by formula (B) among monomer units derived from an alcohol component in the amorphous polyester segment is 100 mol parts, wherein
when the toner is measured with a temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimeter, (i) at least one endothermic peak derived from the crystalline polyester resin is present in a temperature range of 55.0 to 95.0° C. in a total heat flow, (ii) a ratio of an endothermic quantity of the endothermic peak in a reversing heat flow to an endothermic quantity of the endothermic peak in the total heat flow is 50.0% or more, and (iii) Tg1st−Tg2nd≥7.0° C. where Tg1st is a glass transition temperature obtained in the reversing heat flow in a first temperature rise and Tg2nd is a glass transition temperature obtained in a reversing heat flow in a second temperature rise.
2. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of the amorphous polyester segment in the hybrid resin is 60 to 98% by mass.
3. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the amorphous polyester segment comprises a structure in which at least one alcohol component selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A propylene oxide adduct and bisphenol A ethylene oxide adduct, and an acid component are polycondensed, and
a molar ratio of a monomer unit derived from the bisphenol A propylene oxide adduct to a monomer unit derived from the bisphenol A ethylene oxide adduct is from 50:50 to 100:0.
4. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the crystalline polyester resin is a polycondesate of an alcohol component comprising an aliphatic diol and an acid component comprising an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, and
|C3−C4| is 0 to 6 when C3 is the number of carbon atoms of a monomer unit having the largest number of carbon atoms among the monomer units represented by formulae (B) and (C) in the amorphous polyester segment, and
C4 is the number of carbon atoms in a component having the largest number of carbon atoms among the aliphatic diol and the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound constituting the crystalline polyester resin.
5. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the amorphous polyester resin is an amorphous polyester resin composition comprising the hybrid resin,
the amorphous polyester resin composition comprises at least one of a structure in which a long-chain alkyl monoalcohol having an average number of carbon atoms of 27 to 50 is condensed at an end of the amorphous polyester segment, and a structure in which a long-chain alkyl monocarboxylic acid having an average number of carbon atoms of 27 to 50 is condensed at an end of the amorphous polyester segment, and an aliphatic hydrocarbon having an average number of carbon atoms of 27 to 50, and
a total content ratio of the aliphatic hydrocarbon, the structure in which the long-chain alkyl monoalcohol is condensed, and the structure in which the long-chain alkyl monocarboxylic acid is condensed in the amorphous polyester resin composition is 2.5 to 10% by mass.
6. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the crystalline polyester resin is a polycondensate of an alcohol component including an aliphatic diol, and an acid component including an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, and
8≤C1+C2≤16 when C1 is the number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic diol and C2 is the number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid.
7. The toner according to claim 6 , wherein 2≤C1≤4 or 2≤C2≤4.
8. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the endothermic quantity of the endothermic peak in the reversing heat flow to the endothermic quantity of the endothermic peak in the total heat flow is 70.0 to 95.0%.
9. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the Tg1st−Tg2nd is 10.0 to to 25.0° C.