Method for determining risk of urothelial carcinoma

1. A method for determining a risk of urothelial carcinoma in a subject, comprising:

treating genomic DNA obtained from a urothelial cell or a tissue containing the urothelial cell obtained from the subject with bisulfite, wherein the genomic DNA comprises a CpG site of TENM3 and the

CpG site of the TENM3 comprises at least one CpG site in SEQ NO:1;

providing a primer or probe comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO:6 or SEQ ID NO:7;

hybridizing the primer or probe to the bisulfite treated DNA;

detecting an increased DNA methylation level at the CpG site of TENM3 in the bisulfite treated genomic DNA; and

determining an increased risk of urothelial carcinoma in the subject with an increased methylation level.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detecting of the DNA methylation level is performed using a pyrosequencing method, mass spectrometry, a bead array method, or ion exchange chromatography.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CpG site of the TENM3 is located in at least one position of chromosome 4 selected from the group consisting of position 183,710,473, position 183,710,455, position 183,710,441, position 183,710,349, position 183,710,344, position 183,710,318, and position 183,710,311, all based on NCBI database Genome Build 37.

4. The method according to claim 1 ,

wherein the genomic DNA further comprises a CpG site of HOXC4,

wherein the CpG site of the HOXC4 is at least one CpG site in SEQ ID NO:2,

and the method further comprises:

providing a primer or probe, each of which have a length of at least 12 bases to hybridize with the CpG site of HOXC4 in the genomic DNA treated with bisulfite;

detecting a reduced DNA methylation level at the CpG site of HOXC4 in the bisulfite treated genomic DNA, and

determining an increased risk of urothelial carcinoma in the subject with an increased DNA methylation levels of the CpG sites of TENM3 and a reduced DNA methylation level of the CpG sites of HOXC4.

5. The method according to claim 1 ,

wherein the genomic DNA further comprises a CpG site of TLR1,

wherein the CpG site of the TLR1 is at least one CpG site in SEQ ID NO:3,

and the method further comprises:

providing a primer or probe, each of which have a length of at least 12 bases to hybridize with the CpG site of TLR1 in the genomic DNA treated with bisulfite;

detecting a reduced DNA methylation level at the CpG site of TLR1 in the bisulfite treated genomic DNA, and

determining an increased risk of urothelial carcinoma in the subject with an increased DNA methylation levels of the CpG sites of TENM3 and a reduced DNA methylation level of the CpG site of TLR1.

6. The method according to claim 1 ,

wherein the genomic DNA further comprises a CpG site of CPVL,

wherein the CpG site of the CPVL is at least one CpG site in SEQ ID NO:4,

and the method further comprises:

providing a primer or probe, each of which have a length of at least 12 bases to hybridize with the CpG site of OWL, in the genomic DNA treated with bisulfite;

detecting a reduced DNA methylation level at the CpG site of CPVL in the bisulfite treated genomic DNA, and

determining an increased risk of urothelial carcinoma in the subject with an increased DNA methylation levels of the CpG sites of TENM3 and a reduced DNA methylation level of the CpG site of CPVL.

7. The method according to claim 1 ,

wherein the genomic DNA further comprises a CpG site of PRDM16,

wherein the CpG site of the PRDM16 is at least one CpG site in SEQ ID NO:5,

and the method further comprises:

providing a primer or probe, each of which have a length of at least 12 bases to hybridize with the CpG site of PRDM16 in the genomic DNA treated with bisulfite;

detecting a reduced DNA methylation level at the CpG site of PRDM16 in the bisulfite treated genomic DNA, and

determining an increased risk of urothelial carcinoma in the subject with an increased DNA methylation levels of the CpG sites of TENM3 and a reduced DNA methylation level of the CpG site of PRDM16.