Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
As described above, one or more aspects of the present disclosure provide articles having structural color, and methods of making articles having structural color.
1. An article comprising:
an optical element disposed on a surface of a polymeric layer of the article, wherein the polymeric layer has a minimum percent transmittance of 30 percent, under a given illumination condition at a first observation angle of about −15 to 180 degrees or about or about −15 degrees and +60 degrees, in the wavelength range of 380 to 740 nanometers, wherein the optical element has a first side and a second side opposite the first side,
wherein the optical element comprises at least one reflective layer between a first stack and a second stack, wherein each of the first stack and the second stack have 3 to 20 constituent layers, wherein the at least one reflective layer comprises an intermediate reflective layer that is located between first stack and the second stack, wherein the intermediate layer has a minimum percent reflectance, under a given illumination condition at a first observation angle of about −15 to 180 degrees of about 60 percent or more in the wavelength range of 380 to 740 nanometers and/or a maximum percent transmittance, under the given illumination condition at the first observation angle of about −15 to 180 degrees of 30 percent or less in the wavelength range of 380 to 740 nanometers,
wherein the first stack of the optical element imparts a first structural color to the article from the first side of the optical element, wherein the second stack of the optical element imparts a second structural color to the article from the second side of the article.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate reflective layer has a first side surface and a second side surface, wherein the second side surface is located opposite the first side surface, wherein the first side surface of the intermediate reflective layer is on the first side of the optical element, wherein the second side surface of the intermediate reflective layer is on the second side of the optical element.
3. The article of claim 1 , wherein the first structural color and the second structural color are different.
4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the optical element is on and visible from an outside surface of the article or the optical element is on and visible from an inside surface of the article.
5. The article of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate reflective layer is positioned at a first position in the optical element so that light first passes through the first stack of the optical element prior to impinging upon the first side surface of the intermediate reflective layer and wherein the light first passes through the second stack of the optical element prior to impinging upon the second side surface of the intermediate reflective layer.
6. The article of claim 1 , wherein each of the constituent layers of the first stack have different refractive indices and wherein each of the constituent layers of the second stack have different refractive indices.
7. The article of claim 1 , wherein the first stack and the second stack have the same order, material type, and dimensions of constituent layers from first side surface and the second side surface of the intermediate reflective layer, respectively, so that the first stack and the second stack are the same.
8. The article of claim 1 , the intermediate reflective layer has a thickness of about 10 nanometers to about 100 nanometers.
9. The article of claim 1 , wherein the at least one reflective layer includes at least one a non-intermediate reflective layer located between two constituent layers.
10. The article of claim 9 , wherein the non-intermediate layer is not opaque.
11. The article of claim 9 , wherein the non-intermediate layer has a minimum percent transmittance, under the given illumination condition at the first observation angle of about −15 to 180 degrees of at least 30 percent in the wavelength range of 380 to 740 nanometers.
12. The article of claim 9 , wherein the first stack includes a first non-intermediate layer and optionally the second stack includes a second non-intermediate layer.
13. The article of claim 12 , wherein the non-intermediate reflective layer is present and has a thickness of less than 40 nanometers.
14. The article of claim 1 , wherein the optical element has a thickness of about 100 to about 700 nanometers.
15. The article of claim 1 , wherein the at least one reflective layer is made of a material selected from a metal or a metal oxide.
16. The article of claim 1 , wherein the at least one reflective layer is made of a metal.
17. The article of claim 16 , wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of: titanium, aluminum, silver, zirconium, chromium, magnesium, silicon, gold, platinum, and a combination thereof.
18. The article of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate reflective layer comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of: titanium, aluminum, silver, zirconium, chromium, magnesium, silicon, gold, platinum, niobium, an oxide of any of these, and a combination thereof.
19. The article of claim 9 , wherein the non-intermediate reflective layer comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of: titanium, aluminum, silver, zirconium, chromium, magnesium, silicon, gold, platinum, niobium, an oxide of any of these, and a combination thereof.
20. The article of claim 1 , wherein the constituent layer is made of a material selected from the group consisting of: silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zinc sulphide, magnesium fluoride, tantalum pentoxide, and a combination thereof.