Lithium secondary battery
A lithium secondary battery includes a cathode formed of a cathode active material including a lithium metal oxide particle having a concentration gradient, and a coating formed on the lithium metal oxide particle, the coating including aluminum, titanium and zirconium, an anode, and a separator interposed between the cathode and the anode. The cathode active material includes 2,000 ppm to 4,000 ppm of aluminum, 4,000 ppm to 9,000 ppm of titanium and 400 ppm to 700 ppm of zirconium, based on the total weight of the cathode active material. The performance of the secondary battery may be maintained under a high temperature condition.
1. A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, comprising:
a lithium metal oxide particle having a concentration gradient; and
a coating formed on the lithium metal oxide particle, the coating including aluminum, titanium and zirconium, and
wherein a ratio of titanium to aluminum in the cathode active material is in a range from 1.7 to 2.7.
2. The cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , a ratio of aluminum to zirconium in the cathode active material is in a range from 4 to 8.
3. The cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , a ratio of aluminum to zirconium in the cathode active material is in a range from 5 to 6.
4. The cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium metal oxide particle comprises a core portion, a shell portion, and a concentration gradient region within at least a portion between the core portion and the shell portion.
5. The cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the cathode active material includes 2,000 ppm to 4,000 ppm of aluminum, 4,000 ppm to 9,000 ppm of titanium, and 400 ppm to 700 ppm of zirconium based on the total weight of the cathode active material.
6. The cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the coating further comprises boron.
7. The cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 6 , wherein boron is included in 100 ppm to 500 ppm based on the total weight of the cathode active material.
8. The cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium metal oxide particle has a secondary particle structure in which primary particles are aggregated.
9. The cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 8 , wherein the primary particle has a rod shape.
10. The cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium metal oxide particle comprises nickel and manganese, and
a concentration of nickel decreases and a concentration of manganese continuously increases in a direction a core portion to a shell portion.
11. The cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium metal oxide particle is represented by Chemical Formula 1 below:
Li x Ni a M1 b M2 c O y [Chemical Formula 1]
wherein, in Chemical Formula 1 above, each of M1 and M2 includes at least one selected from a group consisting of Co, Mn, Na, Mg, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ge, Sr, Ag, Ba, Zr, Nb, Mo, Al, Ga and B, and
0<x≤1.1, 1.98≤y≤2.02, 0.6≤a≤0.95 and 0.05≤b+c≤0.4.
12. The cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 11 , wherein the lithium metal oxide particle is represented by Chemical Formula 2 below:
Li x Ni a Co d Mn c M3 f O y [Chemical Formula 2]
wherein, in Chemical Formula 2 above, M3 includes at least one selected from a group consisting of Na, Mg, Ca, Ti V, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ge, Sr, Ag, Ba, Zr, Nb, Mo, Al, Ga and B, and
0<x≤1.1, 1.98≤y≤2.02, 0.75≤a≤0.85, 0.08≤d≤0.12, 0.08≤e≤0.12 and 0.15≤d+e+f≤0.25.
13. The cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 12 , wherein the cathode active material includes 2,000 ppm to 3,000 ppm of aluminum, 4,000 ppm to 6,000 ppm of titanium and 400 ppm to 500 ppm of zirconium, based on the total weight of the cathode active material.
14. The cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 11 , wherein the lithium metal oxide particle is represented by Chemical Formula 3 below:
Li x Ni a Co d Mn c M3 f O y [Chemical Formula 3]
wherein, in Chemical Formula 3 above, M3 includes at least one selected from a group consisting of Na, Mg, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ge, Sr, Ag, Ba, Zr, Nb, Mo, Al, Ga and B, and
0<x≤1.1, 1.98≤y≤2.02, 0.86≤a≤0.9, 0.07≤d≤0.11, 0.01≤e≤0.05 and 0.1≤d+e+f≤0.14.
15. The cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 14 , wherein the cathode active material includes 2,500 ppm to 3,500 ppm of aluminum, 5,000 ppm to 9000 ppm of titanium and 400 ppm to 700 ppm of zirconium, based on the total weight of the cathode active material.