Transistor with monocrystalline base structures
A semiconductor die includes a transistor with an emitter, base, and collector. The base includes an intrinsic base that is located in monocrystalline semiconductor material grown in an opening of a first semiconductor layer. A second semiconductor layer is located above the first semiconductor layer and includes a monocrystalline portion. In some embodiments, an opening was formed in the second semiconductor layer wherein a portion of the underlying first semiconductor layer was etched to form a cavity in which a monocrystalline intrinsic base was grown.
1. A method for forming a semiconductor die including a transistor, the method comprising:
on a wafer including a first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer located on the first semiconductor layer, forming a first opening in the second semiconductor layer at a first area of the wafer to expose the first semiconductor layer, the first semiconductor layer being located directly over a region of monocrystalline semiconductor material in the first area;
after the forming the first opening, removing a portion of the first semiconductor layer to form a cavity with an etch chemistry that is selective with respect to semiconductor material of the first semiconductor layer in the first area and selective to semiconductor material of the second semiconductor layer in the first area, wherein the removing the portion exposes at least a portion of the region of monocrystalline semiconductor material in the first area and exposes an underside portion of the second semiconductor layer laterally adjacent to the first opening;
selectively growing monocrystalline semiconductor material in the cavity, the selectively grown monocrystalline semiconductor material contacting the region of monocrystalline semiconductor material in the first area and a portion of an underside portion of the second semiconductor layer;
forming an emitter of a transistor, the emitter including at least a portion located in the first area;
separating the wafer into a plurality of die including a first die, wherein the first die includes the transistor, the transistor including an intrinsic base region located in the selectively grown monocrystalline semiconductor material and a collector including a portion located in the region of monocrystalline semiconductor material in the first area.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the portion of the underside portion of the second semiconductor layer includes monocrystalline semiconductor material.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising;
forming a silicide structure for a base electrode of the transistor directly over the second semiconductor layer;
forming a base contact electrically coupled to the silicide structure.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein transistor includes a continuous path of monocrystalline semiconductor material from the region of monocrystalline semiconductor material to the silicide structure of the base electrode.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
forming the first semiconductor layer on the wafer, wherein the region of monocrystalline semiconductor material is located directly laterally between dielectric material of the wafer, wherein the forming the first semiconductor layer includes forming the first semiconductor layer where a portion of the first semiconductor layer directly over the region is characterized as monocrystalline and a portion of the first semiconductor layer directly over a dielectric material of the wafer is characterized as polycrystalline.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the forming the first semiconductor layer includes forming the first semiconductor layer by a non selective epitaxial growth process.
7. The method of claim 5 further comprising:
after the forming the first semiconductor layer, converting a first portion of the first semiconductor layer directly over the dielectric material from being characterized as polycrystalline to being characterized as monocrystalline.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
forming the second semiconductor layer on the first semiconductor layer, wherein the forming the second semiconductor layer includes forming the second semiconductor layer where a first portion of the second semiconductor layer directly over the region of monocrystalline semiconductor material is characterized as monocrystalline and a second portion of the second semiconductor layer located directly outward from the first portion of the second semiconductor layer is characterized as polycrystalline, wherein the underside portion is part of the first portion of the second semiconductor layer.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the region of monocrystalline semiconductor material is located directly laterally between dielectric material of the wafer, wherein the first semiconductor layer includes a first portion that is characterized as monocrystalline and a second portion located directly over dielectric material of the wafer and is characterized as polycrystalline, wherein the first portion of the second semiconductor layer is located directly over the first portion of the first semiconductor layer and the second portion of the second semiconductor layer is located directly over the second portion of the first semiconductor layer.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein a portion of the first portion of the second semiconductor layer is located directly over dielectric material of the wafer.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein an air gap remains in the cavity after the separating.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the emitter is located in the first opening.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the emitter is in contact with the selectively grown monocrystalline semiconductor material.
14. The method of claim 1 where in the first semiconductor layer is characterized as a silicon germanium layer and the second semiconductor layer is characterized as a silicon layer.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the transistor is characterized as a heterojunction bipolar transistor.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein at the start of the selectively growing, all exposed semiconductor surfaces in the cavity are characterized at monocrystalline.
17. A transistor comprising:
an emitter;
a collector;
a base, the base including an intrinsic base of monocrystalline semiconductor material located directly over a portion of the collector, a portion of the emitter is located directly over the intrinsic base;
a first semiconductor layer including polycrystalline semiconductor material located directly lateral to at least two opposing sides of the intrinsic base;
a second semiconductor layer located directly over the first semiconductor layer, the second semiconductor layer including a first portion characterized as monocrystalline and a second portion characterized as polycrystalline, the second portion being in contact with polycrystalline material of the first semiconductor layer;
a base silicide structure located on the second semiconductor layer.
18. The transistor of claim 17 wherein the first semiconductor layer is characterized as a silicon germanium layer.
19. The transistor of claim 17 wherein the transistor is characterized as a heterojunction bipolar transistor.
20. The transistor of claim 17 further comprising:
an air gap located directly laterally between the intrinsic base and the polycrystalline semiconductor material of the first semiconductor layer.