Structural lithium-ion batteries with carbon fiber electrodes
Described are structural electrode and structural batteries having high energy storage and high strength characteristics and methods of making the structural electrodes and structural batteries. The structural batteries provided can include a liquid electrolyte and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer electrodes comprising metallic tabs. The structural electrodes and structural batteries provided can be molded into a shape of a function component of a device such as ground vehicle or an aerial vehicle.
1. An electrode for a structural battery comprising:
one or more carbon fiber sheets;
one or more metallic tabs embedded between layers of the one or more carbon fiber sheets; and
a polymer, wherein the electrode is shaped as at least a portion of a functional component of a device to which the structural battery provides energy when incorporated into the device such that the electrode forms the at least a portion of the functional component of the device,
wherein the functional component comprises one or more of a component of: a wing, a boom, a body, a chassis, or a door of a device.
2. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the at least a portion of the functional component comprises an exterior surface of the device.
3. The electrode of claim 2 , wherein the exterior surface of the device is functional.
4. The electrode of claim 2 , wherein the exterior surface is configured to increase the aerodynamic performance of the device.
5. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the device is a ground vehicle or an aerial vehicle.
6. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the one or more metallic tabs embedded between layers of the carbon fiber sheets comprise a first portion embedded between the one or more carbon fiber sheets and a second portion extending outwardly from the one or more carbon fiber sheets.
7. The electrode of claim 1 , further comprising a surface coating comprising an active material.
8. The electrode of claim 7 , wherein the active material comprises one or more of graphite, silicon, mesoporous carbon microbeads, lithium titanate, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide, or lithium iron phosphate.
9. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the one or more metallic tabs comprises aluminum, copper, or nickel.
10. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein an edge is abraded using physical abrasion or chemical abrasion to expose a portion of the carbon fiber of the electrode.
11. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises a liquid acrylate monomer and an initiator.
12. The electrode of claim 11 , wherein the initiator comprises tert-butyl peroxide.
13. The electrode of claim 11 , wherein the liquid acrylate monomer comprises ethoxylated (4) pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethoxylated (30) bisphenol-A diacrylate, propoxylated (3) glyceryl triacrylate, methoxy polyethylene glycol (500) monoacrylate, or any combination thereof.
14. The electrode of claim 11 , wherein the initiator comprises more than 0.1 wt % of an initiator-liquid monomer mixture.
15. The electrode of claim 11 , wherein the initiator comprises less than 5 wt % of an initiator-liquid monomer mixture.
16. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises a resin and a hardener.