Process for the preparation of low molecular weight aromatics (BTX) and biofuels from biomass
A process for the preparation of aromatic compounds from a feed stream containing biomass or mixtures of biomass, the process comprising: a) subjecting a feed stream containing biomass or mixtures of biomass to a process to afford a conversion product comprising aromatic compounds; b) recovering the aromatic compounds from said conversion product; c) separating a higher molecular weight fraction comprising polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from a lower molecular weight fraction comprising benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) by distillation; d) reducing at least part of said higher molecular weight fraction to obtain a reduced fraction comprising polycyclic aliphatics (PCA); and e) subjecting the higher molecular weight fraction obtained in step c), the reduced fraction obtained in step d), or a mixture thereof, to a process to obtain lower molecular weight aromatics (BTX).
1. A process for the preparation of aromatic compounds from a feed stream containing biomass or mixtures of biomass, the process comprising:
a) subjecting a feed stream containing biomass or mixtures of biomass to a process comprising catalytic pyrolysis to afford a conversion product comprising aromatic compounds comprising a higher molecular weight fraction comprising polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and a lower molecular weight fraction comprising benzyne, toluene and xylene (BTX);
b) recovering the aromatic compounds from said conversion product;
c) separating said higher molecular weight fraction comprising PAH from said lower molecular weight fraction comprising BTX by distillation;
d) reducing at least part of said higher molecular weight fraction to obtain a reduced fraction comprising polycyclic aliphatics (PCA); and
e) subjecting the higher molecular weight fraction obtained in step c), the reduced fraction obtained in step d), or a mixture thereof, to a process comprising catalytic pyrolysis to obtain lower molecular weight aromatics (BTX).
2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic pyrolysis of step a) and/or step e) comprises using a cracking catalyst, followed by subsequently subjecting the vapors thus obtained to an ex situ catalytic aromatization step.
3. Process according to claim 1 , wherein said feed stream containing biomass or mixtures of biomass comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of agricultural waste, plants, wood, glucose, maltose, starch, cellobiose, cellulose, hemi-cellulose, other polysaccharides, lignin, sugar cane bagasse, lignocellulosic materials, wood chips, wood shaving lignocellulosic biomass, glycerol, fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, triglycerides, food waste, animal waste, manure, corn stover, partially decayed vegetation, peat, lignite, and combinations thereof.
4. Process according to claim 1 , wherein step a) comprises adding at least one further reactant to the feed stream, the reactant being selected from the group consisting of olefins, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids and combinations thereof.
5. Process according to claim 4 , wherein the further reactant comprises 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
6. Process according to claim 1 , wherein step d) comprises catalytic hydrogenation.
7. Process according to claim 5 , wherein the further reactant is selected from the group consisting of ethene, propene, butene, isobutene, pentenes, hexenes, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, hexanol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, formic acid and acetic acid.
8. Process according to claim 6 , wherein said catalytic hydrogenation comprises using a catalyst selected from the group consisting of Ru/C, Ni/C, Pd/C, Pt/C, MoS 2 , WS 2 , Co—Mo—S/Al 2 O 3 , Ni—Mo—S/Al 2 O 3 , Ni—W—S/Al 2 O 3 , Co—Mo/Al 2 O 3 , the Wilkinson catalyst and the Crabtree catalyst.
9. Process according to claim 6 , wherein said catalytic hydrogenation is performed without the addition of a solvent.
10. Process according to claim 1 , wherein step e) comprises mixing the higher molecular weight fraction obtained in step c), the reduced fraction obtained in step d), or a mixture thereof, with a biomass feedstream and subjecting the resulting mixture to catalytic pyrolysis treatment.
11. Process according to claim 10 , comprising mixing the higher molecular weight fraction obtained in step c), the reduced fraction obtained in step d), or a mixture thereof, with the biomass feedstream of step a).
12. A composition comprising higher molecular weight polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) obtainable by steps a) through c) of claim 1 .
13. A composition comprising higher molecular weight polycyclic aliphatics (PCA) obtainable by steps a) through d) of claim 1 .
14. Composition according to claim 13 , comprising up to 10 wt % of monocyclic compounds.
15. Composition according to claim 13 , wherein said composition comprises a mixture of polycyclic aliphatics (PCA) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).
16. Composition according to claim 13 , wherein said composition comprises compounds having a molecular weight in the range of about 100 to 500 Daltons.
17. Composition according to claim 12 , wherein said composition comprises compounds having about 9 to 20 C-atoms and multiple aromatic rings.
18. Composition according to claim 12 , being a biofuel.
19. Composition according to claim 13 , being a jet fuel additive.
20. Composition according to claim 16 , wherein said compounds have a molecular weight range of about 120 to 300 Daltons.