Microporous breathable film and method of making the microporous breathable film
Microporous breathable films include a polyolefin and an inorganic filler dispersed in the polyolefin. Methods for forming polymeric films and articles of manufacture prepared therefrom are described.
1. A process for making a multi-layer breathable barrier film comprising the steps of
co-extruding at least a first composition comprising a polyolefin and an inorganic filler and a second composition comprising a hygroscopic polymer to form a multi-layer molten web, the multi-layer molten web comprising a microporous breathable film layer and a moisture-permeable barrier layer,
casting the molten web against a surface of a chill roll using a vacuum box, or a combination of a vacuum box and one or both of an air knife and an air blanket, and without use of a nip, to form a quenched film, wherein the molten web is configured to hit the surface of the chill roll within a distance of less than about 3 inches, and
stretching the quenched film to form the multi-layer breathable barrier film, wherein the stretching comprises cross-directional intermeshing gear (CD-IMG) stretching and machine direction (MD) stretching, and wherein at least a portion of the stretching is performed at a temperature of between about 60 degrees Fahrenheit and about 200 degrees Fahrenheit;
wherein the process for making the multi-layer breathable barrier film does not include MD-IMG stretching, and wherein the MD stretching occurs after the CD-IMG stretching; and
wherein the microporous breathable film layer made by the process has a basis weight of less than about 10 gsm, a Dart Impact Strength of greater than about 90 grams, and a strain at peak machine direction of at least about 125%.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polyolefin comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, or a combination thereof.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polyolefin comprises low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, ultra-low density polyethylene, or a combination thereof.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polyolefin comprises linear low density polyethylene.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polyolefin comprises linear low density polyethylene and the linear low density polyethylene comprises a metallocene polyethylene.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polyolefin comprises polypropylene.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic filler comprises from about 30% to about 75% by weight of the microporous breathable film.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein an average particle size of the inorganic filler is between about 0.1 microns and about 15 microns.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic filler is selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, alumina, mica, talc, silica, clay, glass spheres, titanium dioxide, aluminum hydroxide, zeolites, and a combination thereof.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic filler comprises an alkali metal carbonate, an alkaline earth metal carbonate, an alkali metal sulfate, an alkaline earth metal sulfate, or a combination thereof.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic filler comprises calcium carbonate.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the molten web is cast against the surface of the chill roll under negative pressure by the vacuum box.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the molten web is cast against the surface of the chill roll under positive pressure by the air knife.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein an exit temperature of cooling fluid passing through the chill roll is between about 50 degrees Fahrenheit and about 130 degrees Fahrenheit.
15. The process of claim 1 , further comprising annealing the multi-layer breathable barrier film.
16. The process of claim 1 , further comprising annealing the multi-layer breathable barrier film in which the annealing is performed at a temperature of between about 75 degrees Fahrenheit and about 225 degrees Fahrenheit.
17. A process for making a multi-layer breathable barrier film comprising the steps of
co-extruding a first composition that comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, or a combination thereof and an alkaline earth metal carbonate and a second composition that comprises a hygroscopic polymer to form a multi-layer molten web, the alkaline earth metal carbonate comprising at least about 50% by weight of the microporous breathable film, the multi-layer molten web comprising a microporous breathable film layer and a moisture-permeable barrier layer,
casting the molten web against a surface of a chill roll under negative pressure by a vacuum box, and without use of a nip, to form a quenched film, wherein the molten web is configured to hit the surface of the chill roll within a distance of less than about 3 inches,
stretching the quenched film by cross-directional intermeshing gear (CD IMG) stretching and machine direction (MD) stretching to form the multi-layer breathable barrier film, wherein at least a portion of the stretching is performed at a temperature of between about 60 degrees Fahrenheit and about 200 degrees Fahrenheit, and
annealing the multi-layer breathable barrier film at a temperature of between about 75 and about 225 degrees Fahrenheit;
wherein the process for making the multi-layer breathable barrier film does not include MD-IMG stretching, and wherein the MD stretching occurs after the CD-IMG stretching; and
wherein the microporous breathable film layer made by the process has a basis weight of less than about 10 gsm, a Dart Impact Strength of greater than about 90 grams, and a strain at peak machine direction of at least about 125%.
18. The process of claim 1 , comprising laminating the multi-layer breathable barrier film to a support.
19. The process of claim 1 wherein the MD stretching and the CD-IMG stretching occur in a separate manufacturing process that is not in-line with formation of the quenched film.
20. The process of claim 17 wherein the MD stretching and the CD-IMG stretching occur in a separate manufacturing process that is not in-line with formation of the quenched film.
21. The process of claim 1 wherein the molten web is configured to hit the surface of the chill roll within a distance of less than or equal to about 1 inch.
22. The process of claim 17 wherein the molten web is configured to hit the surface of the chill roll within a distance of less than or equal to about 1 inch.
23. The process of claim 1 wherein the hygroscopic polymer is selected from the group consisting of hygroscopic elastomers, polyesters, polyamides, polyetherester copolymers, polyetheramide copolymers, polyurethanes, polyurethane copolymers, poly(etherimide) ester copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols, ionomers, celluloses, nitrocelluloses, and/or the like, and combinations thereof.
24. The process of claim 17 wherein the hygroscopic polymer is selected from the group consisting of hygroscopic elastomers, polyesters, polyamides, polyetherester copolymers, polyetheramide copolymers, polyurethanes, polyurethane copolymers, poly(etherimide) ester copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols, ionomers, celluloses, nitrocelluloses, and/or the like, and combinations thereof.
25. The process of claim 1 wherein the second composition further comprises an adhesive.
26. The process of claim 25 wherein the adhesive comprises polyethylene/acrylate copolymer, ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymer, acid-modified acrylate, anhydride-modified acrylate, ethylene vinyl acetate, acid/acrylate-modified ethylene vinyl acetate, anhydride-modified ethylene vinyl acetate, or a combination thereof.
27. The process of claim 17 wherein the second composition further comprises an adhesive.
28. The process of claim 27 wherein the adhesive comprises polyethylene/acrylate copolymer, ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymer, acid-modified acrylate, anhydride-modified acrylate, ethylene vinyl acetate, acid/acrylate-modified ethylene vinyl acetate, anhydride-modified ethylene vinyl acetate, or a combination thereof.
29. The process of claim 1 wherein the multi-layer breathable barrier film does not contain a tie resin.
30. The process of claim 17 wherein the multi-layer breathable barrier film does not contain a tie resin.
31. The process of claim 1 wherein the multi-layer breathable barrier film comprises micropores that permit passage of water vapor but do not permit passage of liquid water.