Integrated apparatus for producing ammonia
Embodiments of the disclosure provide an apparatus and process for producing ammonia. The apparatus includes a reactor having (i) an inlet to receive an inlet gas comprising nitrogen and hydrogen, (ii) a catalyst and an absorbent disposed within an internal volume of the reactor, the catalyst configured to convert the nitrogen and hydrogen to a reaction mixture including ammonia, unreacted nitrogen, and unreacted hydrogen, the absorbent configured to selectively absorb a portion of the ammonia in the reactor during formation of the reaction mixture, and (iii) an outlet to discharge the reaction mixture from the reactor.
1. An apparatus for producing ammonia, the apparatus comprising:
a reactor comprising a vessel with an internal volume, the reactor having:
(i) an inlet to receive an inlet gas comprising nitrogen and hydrogen,
(ii) a catalyst and an absorbent intermixed within the internal volume of the vessel, the catalyst configured to convert the nitrogen and the hydrogen to a reaction mixture comprising ammonia, unreacted nitrogen, and unreacted hydrogen, the absorbent configured to selectively absorb a portion of the ammonia in the reactor during formation of the reaction mixture, and
(iii) an outlet to discharge the reaction mixture from the reactor, wherein the catalyst and absorbent are intermixed in a fixed bed arrangement.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is present in the reactor in an amount of at least 5% (w/w), based on the total weight of the catalyst and the absorbent.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the catalyst is present in the reactor in an amount from 5% (w/w) to 95% (w/w), based on the total weight of the catalyst and the absorbent.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the absorbent is present in the reactor in an amount of at least 5% (w/w), based on the total weight of the catalyst and the absorbent.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the absorbent is a solid absorbent.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst and absorbent are present in the reactor in a weight ratio of catalyst to absorbent of at least 1:20 (catalyst:absorbent).
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst and absorbent are present in the reactor in a weight ratio of catalyst to absorbent from 1:20 to 20:1 (catalyst:absorbent).
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the absorbent comprises a metal halide and a solid support.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the metal halide is selected from the group consisting of MgCl 2 , CaCl 2 , MgBr 2 , CaBr 2 , MgClBr, CaClBr, nickel chloride, and MgCaBr.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the solid support is selected from silica or a zeolite.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a metal catalyst.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the metal catalyst comprises at least one transition metal dispersed on a support material, wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Fe and Ru.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reactor is configured to operate in batch mode without flow.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the absorbent is configured to release a portion of the ammonia upon reduction in pressure.