Thermally treated polyamic amide aerogel
Thermally treated aerogel compositions that include polyamic amides in an amount less than the aerogel compositions that include polyamic amides prior to thermal treatment, and articles of manufacture that include or are manufactured from the aerogel compositions are described.
1. A thermally treated aerogel comprising an open-cell structured polymer matrix that includes a polyamic amide polymer and a polyamic amide containing co-polymer, wherein the polyamic amide containing co-polymer comprises two repeating structural units of:
where:
X is a first organic group having at least two carbon atoms;
Y is a second organic group having at least two carbon atoms;
Z and Z′ are each independently a hydroxyl group or a nitrogen containing hydrocarbon compound comprising at least one secondary nitrogen with the proviso that that at least one of Z or Z′ is the nitrogen containing hydrocarbon compound comprising at least one secondary nitrogen, and
m and n are average number of repeat units per chain ranging from 1 to 2000.
2. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the thermally treated aerogel, when exposed to heat, does not produce a gas.
3. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the polyamic amide polymer in the matrix has a repeating structural unit of:
where X, Y, Z, and Z′ are defined as in claim 1 .
4. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 3 , wherein Z or Z′ of the polyamic amide polymer and the polyamic amide containing co-copolymer further comprises at least one tertiary nitrogen.
5. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 4 , wherein Z or Z′ of the polyamic amide polymer and the polyamic amide containing co-copolymer is an imidazole or a substituted imidazole, a triazole or a substituted triazole, a tetrazole or substituted tetrazole, a purine or a substituted purine, a pyrazole or a substituted pyrazole, or combinations thereof.
6. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 4 , wherein the secondary and tertiary nitrogen atoms of the polyamic amide containing co-copolymer are separated by at least one carbon atom.
7. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 6 , wherein Z or Z′ of the polyamic amide polymer and the polyamic amide containing co-copolymer has the following general structure:
where R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are each individually a hydrogen (H) atom, an alkyl group, or a substituted alkyl group, an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group, or R 4 , and R 5 come together with other atoms to form a fused ring structure.
8. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 7 , wherein the alkyl group or a substituted alkyl group has 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
9. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 7 , wherein R 3 is a methyl group or an ethyl group and R 4 and R 5 are H atoms, an alkyl group, or a substituted alkyl group.
10. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 9 , wherein R 3 is a methyl group, and R 4 and R 5 are H atoms.
11. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 9 , wherein R 3 is an ethyl group and R 4 and R 5 are each individually a H atom, an alkyl group, or a substituted alkyl.
12. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 3 , wherein Z′ is a hydroxyl group and Z is an imidazole group.
13. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 3 , wherein the Y is derived from hydroquinone dianhydride; 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride; pyromellitic dianhydride; 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; 4,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride; 3,3′,4,4′-diphenylsulfone-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; 4,4′-(4,4′-isopropylidenediphenoxy)bis(phthalic anhydride); 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)propane dianhydride; 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride; bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)sulfoxide dianhydride; polysiloxane-containing dianhydride; 2,2′,3,3′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride; 2,3,2′,3′-benzophenonetetraearboxylic dianhydride; 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetraearboxylic dianhydride; naphthalene-2,3,6,7-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylie dianhydride; 4,4′-oxydiphthalic dianhydride; 3,3′,4,4′-biphenylsulfone tetracarboxylic dianhydride; 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride; bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)sulfide dianhydride; bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)methane dianhydride; 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)propane dianhydride; 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropene; 2,6-dichloronaphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; 2,7-dichloronapthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; 2,3,6,7-tetrachloronaphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; phenanthrene-8,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; benzene-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; thiophene-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic dianhydride; or combinations thereof.
14. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the copolymer is a branched polyamic amide containing copolymer.
15. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 3 , further comprising a polyimide polymer.
16. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 15 , wherein the polyimide polymer has a repeating structural unit of:
where X and Y are defined as in claim 1 .
17. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the thermally treated aerogel includes 0.01 wt. % to 4.95 wt. % of the polyamic amide polymer.
18. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 15 , wherein the thermally treated aerogel includes at least 50 wt. % of the polyimide polymer.
19. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the open-cell structured polymer matrix has an average pore size of 100 nm to 2000 nm in diameter.
20. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the open-cell structured polymer matrix has an average pore size of 1000 nm to 1400 nm in diameter.
21. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the open-cell structured polymer matrix has an average pore size of 1100 nm to 1300 nm.
22. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the thermally treated aerogel is in the form of a film.
23. The thermally treated aerogel of claim 1 , wherein the thermally treated aerogel is in the form of a monolith.
24. An article of manufacture comprising the thermally treated aerogel of claim 1 .
25. The article of manufacture of claim 24 , wherein the article of manufacture is a wafer, a blanket, a core composite material, a radiofrequency antenna, a sunshield, a sunshade, or a radome.
26. The article of manufacture of claim 24 , wherein the article of manufacture is a filter.
27. The article of manufacture of claim 26 , wherein the article of manufacture is a consumer good.
28. The article of manufacture of claim 24 , wherein the article of manufacture is an insulating material, wherein the insulating material is for an oil or gas pipeline, a cryogenic fluid transfer pipeline, an apparel, an aerospace application, a building, an automotive application, a radiator, a ducting or ventilation application, an air conditioning application, a heating application, a cooler, a packaging, a wire or cable, a medical device, or a support for a catalyst, drug, or delivery system.