Flame resistant fabrics
Embodiments of the present invention relate to flame resistant fabrics formed with inherently flame resistant fibers that provide the requisite thermal and arc protection, that have improved comfort, and that, in some embodiments, are less expensive than other fabrics formed with inherently flame resistant fibers. Improved comfort and lower cost can be achieved by predominantly locating the inherently flame resistant fibers on the front face of the fabric to impart the requisite thermal and arc protection and predominantly locating the more comfortable (and less expensive) fibers on the back face of the fabric positioned next to the wearer. In this way, overall protection of the fabric is maintained while improving comfort. Some embodiments of such fabrics may also achieve NFPA 70E PPE Category 2 protection.
1. A fabric formed by first yarns and second yarns, wherein the fabric has a first fabric side and a second fabric side opposite the first fabric side and wherein:
i. the first yarns comprise a first fiber blend comprising aramid fibers, modacrylic fibers, and 5-15% cellulosic fibers;
ii. the aramid fibers and the modacrylic fibers of the first fiber blend constitute at least 70% of the first fiber blend;
iii. the first fiber blend comprises more modacrylic fibers than aramid fibers;
iv. the second yarns comprise a second fiber blend that is different from the first fiber blend and that comprises aramid fibers and non-FR cellulosic fibers;
v. the second fiber blend is devoid of modacrylic fibers;
vi. the second fiber blend comprises at least 50% non-FR cellulosic fibers;
vii. the first yarns are predominantly exposed on the first fabric side;
viii. the second yarns are predominantly exposed on the second fabric side;
ix. the fabric has a char length of 6 inches or less and an afterflame of 2 seconds or less when tested pursuant to ASTM D6413 (2015);
x. the fabric has a fabric weight between 5 to 7 ounces per square yard, inclusive; and
xi. the fabric has an arc rating of at least 8 cal/cm 2 when tested pursuant to ASTM F1959 (2014).
2. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein the aramid fibers and the modacrylic fibers of the first fiber blend constitute at least 80% of the first fiber blend.
3. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein the first fiber blend comprises up to 3 times more modacrylic fibers than aramid fibers.
4. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein the first fiber blend comprises approximately 5-30% aramid fibers, 50-80% modacrylic fibers, and 10-15% cellulosic fibers.
5. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein the second fiber blend comprises at least 60% non-FR cellulosic fibers.
6. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein the aramid fibers of the second fiber blend constitute 40% or less of the second fiber blend.
7. The fabric of claim 1 , wherein the fabric is a woven fabric comprising a first fabric direction and a second fabric direction opposite the first fabric direction, wherein the first yarns are provided only in the first fabric direction and the second yarns are provided only in the second fabric direction.
8. A garment formed with the fabric of claim 1 and having a face side and a body side, wherein the first fabric side is exposed on the face side of the garment and the second fabric side is exposed on the body side of the garment.
9. A fabric formed by first yarns and second yarns and comprising a first fabric direction, a second fabric direction opposite the first fabric direction, a first fabric side, and a second fabric side opposite the first fabric side, wherein:
i. the first yarns comprise a first fiber blend comprising approximately 5-30% aramid fibers, 50-80% modacrylic fibers, and 5-15% cellulosic fibers;
ii. the aramid fibers and the modacrylic fibers of the first fiber blend constitute at least 70% of the first fiber blend;
iii. the first fiber blend comprises more modacrylic fibers than aramid fibers;
iv. the second yarns comprises a second fiber blend that is different from the first fiber blend and that comprises aramid fibers and non-FR cellulosic fibers;
v. the second fiber blend is devoid of modacrylic fibers;
vi. the second fiber blend comprises at least 50% non-FR cellulosic fibers;
vii. the aramid fibers of the second fiber blend constitute 40% or less of the second fiber blend;
viii. the first yarns are predominantly exposed on the first fabric side and the second yarns are predominantly exposed on the second fabric side;
ix. the first yarns are provided only in the first fabric direction and the second yarns are provided only in the second fabric direction;
x. the fabric has a char length of 6 inches or less and an afterflame of 2 seconds or less when tested pursuant to ASTM D6413 (2015);
xi. the fabric has a fabric weight between 5 to 7 ounces per square yard, inclusive; and
xii. the fabric has an arc rating of at least 8 cal/cm 2 when tested pursuant to ASTM F1959 (2014).