Vehicle and power battery heating apparatus and method thereof
In a power battery heating method for a vehicle, when a current temperature value of a power battery is lower than a preset temperature value, and a heating condition of the power battery meets a preset condition, a three-phase inverter is controlled to cause a three-phase alternating current motor to generate heat according to heating energy, to heat a coolant flowing through the power battery, a preset quadrature-axis current that causes a torque value outputted by the motor to be an appropriate value is obtained, and a corresponding preset direct-axis current is obtained according to heating power of the power battery, so as to control, according to the preset direct-axis current and the preset quadrature-axis current, the three-phase inverter to adjust a phase current of the three-phase alternating current motor in the heating process, where a direction of the preset direct-axis current changes periodically in the heating process.
1. A power battery heating method, configured for heating a power battery of a vehicle, the power battery heating method comprising:
obtaining a current temperature value of the power battery, and determining that the current temperature value of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature value;
obtaining heating power of the power battery;
obtaining a preset quadrature-axis current, and obtaining a corresponding preset direct-axis current according to the heating power of the power battery, wherein a value of the obtained preset quadrature-axis current is a quadrature-axis current value that causes a torque value outputted by a three-phase alternating current motor to fall within a target range, and zero is not comprised in the target range; and
controlling an on/off status of a power device in a three-phase inverter, so that the three-phase alternating current motor generates heat according to heating energy provided by a heating energy source, to heat a coolant flowing through the power battery, and controlling, according to the preset direct-axis current and the preset quadrature-axis current, the three-phase inverter to adjust a phase current of the three-phase alternating current motor in the heating process, wherein a direction of the preset direct-axis current changes periodically in the heating process.
2. The power battery heating method according to claim 1 , wherein the heating process comprises a plurality of heating periods, each heating period comprises two preset heating durations and two preset switching durations, the preset direct-axis current is in a positive direction and has a constant amplitude value within the first preset heating duration, the preset direct-axis current is in a negative direction and has a constant amplitude value within the second preset heating duration, the preset direct-axis current changes from the positive direction to the negative direction and has a constantly changing amplitude value within the first preset switching duration, and the preset direct-axis current changes from the negative direction to the positive direction and has a constantly changing amplitude value within the second preset switching duration; and the preset heating duration is greater than the preset switching duration.
3. The power battery heating method according to claim 1 , wherein before the obtaining heating power of the power battery, the method further comprises: determining whether a heating condition of the power battery meets a preset condition; and the determining whether a heating condition of the power battery meets a preset condition comprises:
identifying that the heating condition of the power battery meets the preset condition, in a case of determining that a current working status of the motor is a non-driving state, and determining that a fault status of the power battery, a fault status of the three-phase alternating current motor, a fault status of a motor controller, and a fault status of a heat conduction loop all indicate that no fault exists; and
identifying that the heating condition of the power battery does not meet the preset condition, in a case of determining that the current working status of the motor is a driving state, or determining that any fault status in the fault status of the power battery, the fault status of the three-phase alternating current motor, the fault status of the motor controller, and the fault status of the heat conduction loop indicates that there is a fault.
4. The power battery heating method according to claim 3 , further comprising:
obtaining gear position information and motor speed information, and obtaining the current working status of the motor according to the gear position information and the motor speed information.
5. The power battery heating method according to claim 3 , further comprising:
setting the preset direct-axis current to zero in a case of determining that any fault status in the fault status of the power battery, the fault status of the three-phase alternating current motor, the fault status of the motor controller, and the fault status of the heat conduction loop indicates that there is a fault.
6. The power battery heating method according to claim 5 , wherein in a case of determining that any fault status in the fault status of the power battery, the fault status of the three-phase alternating current motor, the fault status of the motor controller, and the fault status of the heat conduction loop indicates that there is a fault, the power battery heating method further comprises:
setting the preset quadrature-axis current to zero.
7. The power battery heating method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
monitoring temperatures of the three-phase inverter and the three-phase alternating current motor in the heating process of the power battery, and if a temperature of either of the three-phase inverter and the three-phase alternating current motor exceeds a temperature limit value, reducing the preset direct-axis current, or setting the preset direct-axis current to zero.
8. The power battery heating method according to claim 7 , wherein if the temperature of either of the three-phase inverter and the three-phase alternating current motor exceeds the temperature limit value, the power battery heating method further comprises:
setting the preset quadrature-axis current to zero.
9. The power battery heating method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
monitoring a temperature of the power battery in the heating process of the power battery, and reducing the preset direct-axis current if the temperature of the power battery reaches a specified heating temperature.
10. The power battery heating method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
obtaining a current three-phase current value and position and angle information of a motor rotor of the three-phase alternating current motor before the power battery is heated, and converting the current three-phase current value into a direct-axis current and a quadrature-axis current according to the position and angle information of the motor rotor.
11. The power battery heating method according to claim 1 , wherein the heating energy source is at least one of an external charging device and the power battery.
12. A power battery heating apparatus, for heating a power battery of a vehicle, the power battery heating apparatus comprising:
a three-phase inverter, connected to a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a heating energy source configured to provide heating energy;
a three-phase alternating current motor, wherein three phase coils of the three-phase alternating current motor are connected to three phase legs of the three-phase inverter; and
a controller, wherein the controller is respectively connected to the three-phase inverter and the three-phase alternating current motor, and is programmed to obtain a current temperature value of the power battery, and determine that the current temperature value of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature value, and obtain heating power of the power battery; the controller is further programmed to obtain a preset quadrature-axis current, and obtain a corresponding preset direct-axis current according to the heating power of the power battery, wherein a value of the obtained preset quadrature-axis current is a quadrature-axis current value that causes a torque value outputted by the three-phase alternating current motor to fall within a target range, and zero is not comprised in the target range; and
the controller is further programmed to control an on/off status of a power device in the three-phase inverter, so that the three-phase alternating current motor generates heat according to the heating energy provided by the heating energy source, to heat a coolant flowing through the power battery, and control, according to the preset direct-axis current and the preset quadrature-axis current, the three-phase inverter to adjust a phase current of the three-phase alternating current motor in the heating process, wherein a direction of the preset direct-axis current changes periodically in the heating process.
13. The power battery heating apparatus according to claim 12 , wherein the heating process comprises a plurality of heating periods, each heating period comprises two preset heating durations and two preset switching durations, the preset direct-axis current is in a positive direction and has a constant amplitude value within the first preset heating duration, the preset direct-axis current is in a negative direction and has a constant amplitude value within the second preset heating duration, the preset direct-axis current changes from the positive direction to the negative direction and has a constantly changing amplitude value within the first preset switching duration, and the preset direct-axis current changes from the negative direction to the positive direction and has a constantly changing amplitude value within the second preset switching duration; and the preset heating duration is greater than the preset switching duration.
14. The power battery heating apparatus according to claim 12 , wherein the controller is further programmed to determine whether a heating condition of the power battery meets a preset condition;
identify that the heating condition of the power battery meets the preset condition, in a case of determining that a current working status of the motor is a non-driving state, and determining that a fault status of the power battery, a fault status of the three-phase alternating current motor, a fault status of a motor controller, and a fault status of a heat conduction loop all indicate that no fault exists; and
identify that the heating condition of the power battery does not meet the preset condition, in a case of determining that the current working status of the motor is a driving state, or determining that any fault status in the fault status of the power battery, the fault status of the three-phase alternating current motor, the fault status of the motor controller, and the fault status of the heat conduction loop indicates that there is a fault.
15. The power battery heating apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein the controller is specifically programmed to:
obtain gear position information and motor speed information, and obtain the current working status of the motor according to the gear position information and the motor speed information.
16. The power battery heating apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein the controller is specifically programmed to:
set the preset direct-axis current to zero in a case of determining that any fault status in the fault status of the power battery, the fault status of the three-phase alternating current motor, the fault status of the motor controller, and the fault status of the heat conduction loop indicates that there is a fault.
17. The power battery heating apparatus according to claim 12 , further comprising:
a temperature monitoring unit, wherein the temperature monitoring unit is connected to the controller and the three-phase alternating current motor, and is configured to monitor temperatures of the three-phase inverter and the three-phase alternating current motor in the heating process of the power battery, and feed back a result of monitoring to the controller, and if a temperature of either of the three-phase inverter and the three-phase alternating current motor exceeds a temperature limit value, the controller reduces the preset direct-axis current, or sets the preset direct-axis current to zero.
18. The power battery heating apparatus according to claim 12 , wherein the controller is further programmed to:
monitor a temperature of the power battery in the heating process of the power battery, and reduce the preset direct-axis current if the temperature of the power battery reaches a specified heating temperature.
19. The power battery heating apparatus according to claim 12 , wherein the controller is further programmed to:
obtain a current three-phase current value and position and angle information of a motor rotor of the three-phase alternating current motor before the power battery is heated, and convert the current three-phase current value into a direct-axis current and a quadrature-axis current according to the position and angle information of the motor rotor.
20. A vehicle, comprising:
a power battery, a coolant tank, a pump, and a water pipeline, wherein the pump inputs a coolant in the coolant tank into the water pipeline according to a control signal, and
a power battery heating apparatus, comprising:
a three-phase inverter, connected to a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a heating energy source configured to provide heating energy;
a three-phase alternating current motor, wherein three phase coils of the three-phase alternating current motor are connected to three phase legs of the three-phase inverter; and
a controller, wherein the controller is respectively connected to the three-phase inverter and the three-phase alternating current motor, and is programmed to obtain a current temperature value of the power battery, and determine that the current temperature value of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature value, and obtain heating power of the power battery; the controller is further programmed to obtain a preset quadrature-axis current, and obtain a corresponding preset direct-axis current according to the heating power of the power battery, wherein a value of the obtained preset quadrature-axis current is a quadrature-axis current value that causes a torque value outputted by the three-phase alternating current motor to fall within a target range, and zero is not comprised in the target range; and the controller is further programmed to control an on/off status of a power device in the three-phase inverter, so that the three-phase alternating current motor generates heat according to the heating energy provided by the heating energy source, to heat a coolant flowing through the power battery, and control, according to the preset direct-axis current and the preset quadrature-axis current, the three-phase inverter to adjust a phase current of the three-phase alternating current motor in the heating process, wherein a direction of the preset direct-axis current changes periodically in the heating process,
wherein the water pipeline passes through the power battery and the power battery heating apparatus.