Shock absorber

1. A shock absorber comprising:

a cylinder;

a piston inserted into the cylinder in a state allowing movement in an axial direction and demarcating an interior of the cylinder into an extension side chamber and a compression side chamber;

a piston rod having one end joined to the piston and another end that projects out from the cylinder;

a tank, connected to the compression side chamber, that pressurizes an interior of the cylinder;

a hard side damping element that imparts a resistance to a flow of a liquid moving between the extension side chamber and the compression side chamber;

a solenoid valve configured to change an aperture area of a bypass passage that bypasses the hard side damping element and communicates with the extension side chamber and the compression side chamber; and

a soft side damping element provided in series with the solenoid valve in the bypass passage, wherein

the hard side damping element includes an orifice and a leaf valve provided in parallel with the orifice, and

the soft side damping element includes a large-diameter orifice having a larger aperture area than the orifice of the hard side damping element.

2. The shock absorber according to claim 1 , wherein

the soft side damping element includes a leaf valve provided in parallel with the large-diameter orifice.

3. The shock absorber according to claim 2 , wherein

the leaf valve of the hard side damping element is an extension side hard leaf valve that imparts a resistance to the flow of the liquid proceeding from the extension side chamber to the compression side chamber and a compression side hard leaf valve that imparts a resistance to the flow of the liquid proceeding from the compression side chamber to the extension side chamber, and

the leaf valve of the soft side damping element is an extension side soft leaf valve that imparts a resistance to the flow of the liquid proceeding from the extension side chamber to the compression side chamber through the bypass passage and a compression side soft leaf valve that imparts a resistance to the flow of the liquid proceeding from the compression side chamber to the extension side chamber through the bypass passage.

4. The shock absorber according to claim 2 , wherein

the leaf valve of the hard side damping element is an extension side hard leaf valve that imparts a resistance to the flow of the liquid proceeding from the extension side chamber to the compression side chamber and a compression side hard leaf valve that imparts a resistance to the flow of the liquid proceeding from the compression side chamber to the extension side chamber, and

the leaf valve of the soft side damping element consists only of an extension side soft leaf valve that imparts a resistance to the flow of the liquid proceeding from the extension side chamber to the compression side chamber through the bypass passage.

5. The shock absorber according to claim 1 , wherein

the solenoid valve includes a tubular holder in which a port that connects to the bypass passage is formed, a spool inserted into the holder to allow reciprocating motion and configured to open and close the port, a biasing spring that biases the spool in one movement direction of the spool, and a solenoid that imparts thrust to the spool in a direction opposing a biasing force of the biasing spring.

6. The shock absorber according to claim 5 , wherein

the spool moves along a line orthogonal to a central axis passing through a center of the piston rod.

7. The shock absorber according to claim 1 , wherein

an opening degree of the solenoid valve varies proportionally with an energization level.

8. The shock absorber according to claim 1 , further comprising:

a housing that internally houses the solenoid valve and the soft side damping element, wherein

the housing is united with the cylinder.