Method of preparing a stable nanofluid of amphiphilic Janus nanosheets in salt water
A stable water based nanofluid of graphene-based amphiphilic Janus nanosheets, where the nanofluid has a high salt-content while retaining the interfacial activities of the nanosheets. Such a nanofluid of amphiphilic Janus nanosheets may be used for enhanced oil recovery.
1. A salt water dispersed nanofluid, wherein the nanofluid comprises:
a dispersion comprising:
polyelectrolyte comprising poly sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (PSS);
amphiphilic Janus nanosheets comprising graphene oxide derivatized with at least one alkylamine group;
NaCl; and
CaCl 2 ),
wherein the dispersion comprises at least 3.5 wt. % NaCl and at least about 0.5 wt. % CaCl 2 ), and wherein the salt water dispersed nanofluid maintains a same interface behavior in brine as in fresh water, thus indicating colloidal stability.
2. The nanofluid of claim 1 , wherein the dispersion comprises the polyelectrolyte and the amphiphilic Janus nanosheets dispersed in a brine comprising the NaCl and the CaCl 2 ).
3. The nanofluid of claim 1 , wherein said nanofluid maintains the same interface behavior in the brine as in the fresh water to at least 70° C.
4. The nanofluid of claim 1 , wherein the nanosheets are stable in a single phase.
5. The nanofluid of claim 1 , wherein said nanofluid further comprises an elastic film at an oil/brine interface.
6. The nanofluid of claim 5 , wherein said elastic film is formed at a temperature of at least 70° C.
7. The nanofluid of claim 1 , wherein said amphiphilic Janus nanosheets comprise a lateral dimension of about 50 to about 350 nm.
8. The nanofluid of claim 1 , wherein the nanosheet thickness is about 3.7 nm.
9. The nanofluid of claim 1 , wherein the aspect ratio of the amphiphilic Janus nanosheets is less than 100.
10. The nanofluid of claim 1 , wherein the amphiphilic Janus nanosheets comprise a surface conjugation ratio of about 0.48.
11. The nanofluid of claim 1 , wherein said nanofluid comprises a surfactant, and wherein the surfactant comprises an elastic interfacial film at an oil/water interface.
12. The nanofluid of claim 11 , wherein the oil/water interface is a hydrocarbon/brine solution, comprising a hydrophobic/hydrophilic interface.
13. A nanofluid of claim 11 , wherein said elastic interfacial film is formed in a geologic formation comprising a hydrocarbon, and wherein said elastic interfacial film at said hydrophobic/hydrophilic interface releases said hydrocarbon from a geological formation for enhanced oil recovery.
14. The nanofluid of claim 1 :
comprising 0.005 wt % of the amphiphilic Janus nanosheets and greater than 0.5 wt % PSS, and wherein an average hydrodynamic diameter of the amphiphilic Janus nanosheets is greater than a hydrodynamic diameter of amphiphilic Janus nanosheets in a same dispersion absent the NaCl; or
comprising 0.01 wt % of the amphiphilic Janus nanosheets and greater than 0.75 wt % PSS, and wherein an average hydrodynamic diameter of the amphiphilic Janus nanosheets is greater than a hydrodynamic diameter of amphiphilic Janus nanosheets in a same dispersion absent the NaCl.