Copper ink for high conductivity fine printing
A copper-based ink contains copper acetate, 3-dimethylamino-1,2-propanediol and a silver salt. The ink may be coated on a substrate and decomposed on the substrate to form a conductive copper coating on the substrate. The ink provides micron-thick traces and may be screen printed and thermally sintered in the presence of up to about 500 ppm of oxygen or photo-sintered in air to produce highly conductive copper features. Sintered copper traces produced from the ink have improved air stability, and have improved sheet resistivity for 5-20 mil wide screen-printed lines with excellent resolution.
1. A method of producing a conductive copper coating on a substrate, the method comprising: coating a substrate with a copper-based ink comprising copper acetate, 3-dimethylamino-1,2-propanediol and a silver salt, wherein the copper acetate and 3-dimethylamino-1,2-propanediol are in a molar ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:2; and, decomposing the ink on the substrate to form a conductive copper coating on the substrate, wherein the decomposing comprises thermal sintering in the presence of oxygen in an amount of 100 ppm to about 500 ppm of oxygen or photo-sintering in air, wherein the ink further comprises a solvent and a binder, the binder comprising a hydroxyl- and/or carboxyl-terminated polyester.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the copper acetate and 3-dimethylamino-1,2-propanediol form a complex in the ink.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the molar ratio is about 1:1.3.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the copper acetate comprises copper acetate monohydrate in an amount that provides about 5 wt % to about 25 wt % of copper in the ink, based on total weight of the ink.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silver salt is in the ink in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 40 wt %, based on weight of total copper from the copper acetate.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silver salt comprises silver oxide, silver chloride, silver bromide, silver sulfate, silver carbonate, silver phosphate, silver acetate or silver nitrate.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silver salt comprises silver nitrate.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ink on the substrate is dried at a temperature of about 100-150° C. for a time of about 10-45 minutes.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the decomposing comprises photo-sintering.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coating of the ink on the substrate comprises screen printing.
11. A copper-based ink comprising copper acetate, 3-dimethylamino-1,2-propanediol and a silver salt, wherein the copper acetate and 3-dimethylamino-1,2-propanediol are in a molar ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:2, wherein the ink is thermally sinterable in the presence of oxygen in an amount of 100 ppm to about 500 ppm of oxygen or photo-sinterable in air to produce conductive copper features, wherein the ink further comprises a solvent and a binder, the binder comprising a hydroxyl- and/or carboxyl-terminated polyester.
12. The ink of claim 11 , wherein the copper acetate and 3-dimethylamino-1,2-propanediol form a complex in the ink.
13. The ink of claim 12 , wherein the molar ratio is about 1:1.3.
14. The ink of claim 11 , wherein the silver salt is in the ink in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 20 wt %, based on weight of the copper from the copper acetate.
15. The ink of claim 11 , wherein the silver salt comprises silver oxide, silver chloride, silver bromide, silver sulfate, silver carbonate, silver phosphate, silver acetate or silver nitrate.
16. The ink of claim 11 , wherein the silver salt comprises silver nitrate.