Hydrogen fueling systems and methods
According to aspects, hydrogen fueling systems and methods are provided, including vehicle-to-vehicle communication techniques, hydrogen cooling techniques and/or hydrogen dispenser control techniques that facilitate improving aspects of a hydrogen fueling station.
1. A hydrogen gas dispenser configured to receive hydrogen gas from a hydrogen gas supply and provide the hydrogen gas to a fuel tank of a vehicle during a fueling event, the hydrogen gas dispenser comprising:
at least one nozzle configured to engage with the fuel tank to dispense hydrogen gas to the fuel tank during the fueling event, the at least one nozzle comprising:
a first nozzle configured to engage with a fuel tank of a first type of vehicle; and
a second nozzle configured to engage with a fuel tank of a second type of vehicle;
a valve bank comprising a plurality of fixed-size orifice valves arranged in parallel, the bank configured to receive hydrogen gas from the hydrogen gas supply and to deliver hydrogen gas passing through one or more of the plurality of fixed-size orifice valves that have been opened;
a dispenser controller coupled to the bank and configured to selectively open or close the plurality of fixed-size orifice valves to provide hydrogen gas at desired flow rates based on target pressures and/or target flow rates of the fuel tank of the vehicle during the fueling event;
a first fixed-size orifice valve positioned between the valve bank and the first nozzle to provide hydrogen gas passing through the valve bank to the first nozzle when opened; and
a second fixed-size orifice valve positioned between the valve bank and the second nozzle to provide hydrogen gas passing through the valve bank to the second nozzle when opened.
2. The hydrogen gas dispenser of claim 1 , wherein the dispenser controller is configured to receive as input:
a supply pressure of hydrogen from the hydrogen gas supply;
a measured pressure downstream of the valve bank and/or a tank pressure of hydrogen gas in the fuel tank; and
a target pressure and/or target flow rate, and
wherein the dispenser controller is configured to selectively open or close the plurality fixed-size orifice valves based on the input.
3. The hydrogen gas dispenser of claim 2 , wherein the target pressure and/or the target flow rate changes during the fueling event.
4. The hydrogen gas dispenser of claim 2 , wherein the input received by the dispenser controller includes a pressure profile that provides target pressures over a duration of the fueling event, and wherein the dispenser controller is configured to selectively open or close the plurality of fixed-size orifice valves to provide hydrogen gas at flow rates that cause the measured pressure and/or the tank pressure to follow the pressure profile.
5. The hydrogen gas dispenser of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of fixed-size orifice valve has an orifice size that is different than at least one other of the plurality of fixed-size orifice valves.
6. The hydrogen gas dispenser of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of fixed-size orifice valve comprises at least three fixed-size orifice valves.
7. The hydrogen gas dispenser of claim 1 , wherein the valve bank comprises at least one fixed-size orifice with no corresponding valve arranged in parallel with the plurality of fixed-size orifice valves.
8. The hydrogen gas dispenser of claim 1 , wherein the first type of vehicle includes a larger capacity fuel tank than the second type of vehicle.
9. The hydrogen gas dispenser of claim 1 , wherein the first nozzle is configured to not engage with the fuel tank of the second type of vehicle, and wherein the second nozzle is configured to not engage with the fuel tank of the first type of vehicle.
10. The hydrogen gas dispenser of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen gas dispenser is coupled to a hydrogen gas cooling system configured to provide chilled hydrogen gas to be delivered to the fuel tank of the vehicle during the fueling event.
11. A method of dispensing hydrogen gas to a fuel tank of a vehicle during a fueling event via a valve bank comprising a plurality of fixed-size orifice valves arranged in parallel, the method comprising:
receiving hydrogen gas from a hydrogen gas supply;
receiving as a first input:
a supply pressure of hydrogen from the hydrogen gas supply; and
a measured pressure downstream of the valve bank and/or a tank pressure of hydrogen gas in the fuel tank of the vehicle;
selectively opening and/or closing at least one of the plurality of fixed-size orifice valves that results in a target pressure and/or target flow rate at which it is desired to provide hydrogen gas to the fuel tank based at least in part on the first input; and
opening a first fixed-sized orifice valve positioned between the valve bank and a first nozzle configured to engage with a fuel tank of a first type of vehicle to allow hydrogen gas passing through the valve bank to be dispensed to the fuel tank of the vehicle via the first nozzle, or
opening a second fixed-sized orifice valve positioned between the valve bank and a second nozzle configured to engage with a fuel tank of a second type of vehicle to allow hydrogen gas passing through the valve bank to be dispensed to the fuel tank of the vehicle via the second nozzle.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising receiving a pressure profile that provides target pressures over a duration of the fueling event, wherein selectively opening and/or closing comprises selectively opening and/or closing at least one of the plurality of fixed-size orifice valves to provide hydrogen gas at flow rates that cause the measured pressure and/or the tank pressure to follow the pressure profile.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein at least one of the plurality of fixed-size orifice valve has an orifice size that is different than at least one other of the plurality of fixed-size orifice valves.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein selectively opening and/or closing at least one of the plurality of fixed-size orifice valves of the valve bank causes one of at least four different flow rates to pass through the valve bank.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein selectively opening and/or closing at least one of the plurality of fixed-size orifice valves of the valve bank causes one of at least six different flow rates to pass through the valve bank.
16. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
dispensing the hydrogen gas flowing through the valve opening to the fuel tank of the vehicle; and
cooling the hydrogen gas prior to dispensing.