Systems and methods for energy modulated radiation therapy

1. A method performed by a medical device, the method comprising:

adjusting an energy level of a particle beam within an accelerator to a first value with an energy switch communicatively coupled to the accelerator;

providing the particle from the accelerator to a beam deflector, the beam deflector including a permanent magnet and an electromagnet;

providing a permanent magnetic field by the permanent magnet;

operating the electromagnet to provide a first electromagnetic field with a first electromagnetic field value based on the first value of the particle beam;

adjusting the energy level of the particle beam within the accelerator to a second value with the energy switch; and

operating the electromagnet to provide a second electromagnetic field with a second electromagnetic field value based on the second value of the energy level of the particle beam;

wherein the first electromagnetic field with the first electromagnetic field value and the permanent magnetic field forms a first total magnetic field with a first total magnetic field value, and wherein the second electromagnetic field with the second electromagnetic field value and the permanent magnetic field forms a second total magnetic field with a second total magnetic field value.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the permanent magnet comprises a rare earth magnet.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnet comprises a coil surrounding the permanent magnet.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the energy level of the particle beam is changed within a duration that is less than one second.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the accelerator comprises a fixed-field alternating gradient (FFAG) accelerator, or a non-scaling fixed-field alternating gradient (NS-FFAG) accelerator.

6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adjusting a parameter in a dosimetry circuit based on an electric field in the accelerator or the energy level of the particle beam.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the dosimetry circuit is a part of an ion chamber.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnet comprises laminated steel.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the operating the electromagnet comprises increasing a current of the electromagnet based on an increase in an electric field in the accelerator or the energy level of the particle beam.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the operating the electromagnet comprises decreasing a current of the electromagnet based on a decrease in an electric field in the accelerator or the energy level of the particle beam.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnet comprises a pretzel magnet.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein a beam output is coupled to the beam deflector, and wherein the method further comprises moving the beam output to deliver treatment energy from a plurality of gantry angles that includes at least a first gantry angle and a second gantry angle.

13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising adjusting the treatment energy so that the treatment energy has a first treatment energy level when the beam output is at the first gantry angle, and a second treatment energy level when the beam output is at the second gantry angle.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the treatment energy is adjusted by an energy adjuster in a continuous manner.

15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the treatment energy is adjusted by an energy adjuster in a discrete manner.

16. The method of claim 12 , further comprising adjusting the treatment energy so that the treatment energy has a first treatment energy level when the beam output is at the first gantry angle, and a second treatment energy level when the beam output is at the first gantry angle.

17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the treatment energy is outputted without using any flattening filter.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnet is operated such that a trajectory of the particle beam remains constant regardless of an energy level of an electric field in the accelerator or the energy level of the particle beam.

19. A treatment method, comprising:

configuring a medical system for delivering a first treatment beam having a first energy level from an accelerator, including

delivering the first treatment beam to a beam deflector, the beam deflector including a permanent magnet and an electromagnet;

delivering the first treatment beam by the medical system from the beam deflector towards a patient that is on a patient support;

configuring the medical system for delivering a second treatment beam having a second energy level from the accelerator to the beam deflector, including

changing the first energy level to the second energy level with an energy switch communicatively coupled to the accelerator, and

adjusting a current of the electromagnet with a current control communicatively coupled to the beam deflector based on the second energy level; and

delivering the second treatment beam by the medical system towards the patient;

wherein the first treatment beam is delivered towards the patient from a first gantry angle, and the second treatment beam is delivered towards the patient from a second gantry angle.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the medical system comprises an ion chamber, wherein the ion chamber comprises a dosimetry circuit, and wherein the method further comprises adjusting a parameter in the dosimetry circuit based on an energy level associated with the accelerator.

21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the delivering the first treatment beam and the delivering the second treatment beam are configured to be performed so that the first treatment beam transitions to the second treatment beam in a continuous manner.

22. The method of claim 19 , wherein the delivering of the first treatment beam and the delivering of the second treatment beam are configured to be performed so that the first treatment beam and the second treatment beam are delivered in a discrete manner.

23. The method of claim 19 , wherein the first or second energy level from the accelerator comprises an electric field in the accelerator or an energy level of a particle beam in the accelerator.