Kinetic inductance parametric amplifier
The present disclosure relates to a kinetic inductance parametric amplifier that comprises an input port arranged to receive a pump tone, a DC bias and input signal; an output port arranged to provide an amplified version of the input signal; a tunable stepped-impedance assembly arranged to attenuate and/or filter predetermined frequency bands; and a high kinetic inductance line. The tunable stepped-impedance assembly is tuned at a frequency that allows for the amplifier to resonate at a predetermined frequency and a pump tone with a frequency higher than the input signal and a DC biasing signal to be transmitted to the high kinetic inductance line.
1. A kinetic inductance parametric amplifier comprising:
an input port arranged to receive a pump tone, a DC bias and input signal;
an output port arranged to provide an amplified version of the input signal;
a tunable stepped-impedance assembly comprising a bandstop filter arranged to attenuate and/or filter predetermined frequency bands; and
a high kinetic inductance line;
wherein the tunable stepped-impedance assembly is tuned at a frequency that allows for the kinetic inductance parametric amplifier to resonate at a predetermined frequency and wherein the pump tone has a frequency higher than the frequency of the input signal and the DC bias signal is transmitted to the high kinetic inductance line.
2. The kinetic inductance parametric amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the tunable stepped-impedance assembly comprises a coplanar waveguide (CPW) microwave bandstop filter.
3. The kinetic inductance parametric amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the high kinetic inductance line is shorted to ground.
4. The kinetic inductance parametric amplifier of claim 3 , wherein the high kinetic inductance line resonates at a frequency in a stopband of the tunable stepped-impedance assembly.
5. The kinetic inductance parametric amplifier of claim 1 , wherein a frequency response of the tunable stepped-impedance assembly has a continuous central line that allows for a DC current to pass through and provide three-wave mixing.
6. The kinetic inductance parametric amplifier of claim 1 , wherein the high kinetic inductance line comprises NbTiN.
7. The kinetic inductance parametric amplifier of claim 1 wherein the high kinetic inductance line comprises a single layer of NbTiN.
8. A method for performing parametric amplification with a kinetic inductance parametric amplifier comprising the step of:
providing a kinetic inductance parametric amplifier comprising: an input port arranged to receive a pump tone, a DC bias and an input signal; an output port arranged to provide an amplified version of the input signal; a tunable stepped-impedance assembly comprising a bandstop filter arranged to attenuate and/or filter predetermined frequency bands; and a high kinetic inductance line; wherein the tunable stepped-impedance assembly is tuned at a frequency that allows for the kinetic inductance parametric amplifier to resonate at a predetermined frequency and wherein the pump tone has a frequency higher than the frequency of the input signal and the DC bias signal is transmitted to the high kinetic inductance line;
applying a DC signal configured to modify the kinetic inductance and one or more filtering properties of the stepped-impedance assembly;
applying the pump tone and the input signal to the input port; and
detecting the amplified version of the input signal at the output port.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the one or more filtering properties of the tunable stepped-impedance assembly comprise bandstop frequency and attenuation value and/or quality factor.
10. A kinetic inductance parametric amplifier for performing phase-sensitive amplification, the amplifier comprising:
an input port arranged to receive a pump tone, a DC bias and input signal;
an output port arranged to provide an amplified or de-amplified version of the input signal;
a tunable stepped-impedance assembly arranged to attenuate and/or filter predetermined frequency bands; and
a high kinetic inductance line;
wherein the tunable stepped-impedance assembly is tuned at a frequency that allows for the amplifier to resonate at a predetermined frequency and wherein the pump tone has a frequency twice that of the input signal and wherein the DC biasing signal is transmitted to the high kinetic inductance line.
11. The kinetic inductance parametric amplifier of claim 10 , installed on a mixing chamber plate of a dilution refrigerator.
12. The kinetic inductance parametric amplifier of claim 10 , wherein the input port is connected to a pump signal generator via a diplexer and the input port is connected to a DC bias current via a bias tee.
13. The kinetic inductance parametric amplifier of claim 10 , wherein the output port is connected to one or more amplification stages via one or more cryogenic circulators and the amplification stages are connected to a measurement setup.
14. The kinetic inductance parametric amplifier of claim 10 , wherein the amplifier is used as a resonator in electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to amplify spin signals.
15. The kinetic inductance parametric amplifier of claim 10 , used in parametric cooling of an ancillary system, wherein the kinetic inductance parametric amplifier is a short-circuit-terminated multi-mode resonator.
16. The kinetic inductance parametric amplifier of claim 10 , used in parametric cooling of an ancillary system, wherein the kinetic inductance parametric amplifier is a two-port multi-mode resonator with asymmetric port coupling rates.
17. The kinetic inductance parametric amplifier of claim 15 , wherein a non-linear kinetic inductance produced by the kinetic inductance parametric amplifier produces a natural coupling between modes of the multi-mode resonator such that current in one mode changes the frequency in another mode.
18. The kinetic inductance parametric amplifier of claim 16 , wherein a non-linear kinetic inductance produced by the kinetic inductance parametric amplifier produces a natural coupling between modes of the multi-mode resonator such that current in one mode changes the frequency in another mode.