Cryptographic methods and systems using activation codes for digital certificate revocation
To revoke a digital certificate, activation of the digital certificate is blocked by withholding an activation code from the certificate user. The certificates are generated by a plurality of entities in a robust process that preserves user privacy (e.g. anonymity) even in case of collusion of some of the entities. The process is suitable for connected vehicles, e.g. as an improvement for Security Credential Management System (SCMS).
1. A method for digital certificate management, the digital certificates being for use in authentication operations by entities operable to perform computing on digital values and to communicate with each other, wherein each digital certificate cannot be used until activated by an activation code associated with the digital certificate, the method comprising:
receiving, by a registration authority (RA), one or more certificate requests from one or more entities, each certificate request requesting one or more digital certificates for the associated entity;
for each certificate request, performing operations of:
obtaining by the RA, using information on the associated entity, node value data associated with the entity;
generating, by the RA, one or more certificate generation requests, each certificate generation request comprising one or more associated activation codes generated for the node value data;
sending to a certificate authority (CA), by the RA, each certificate generation request, wherein the CA is unable to link the certificate generation request to the associated entity;
wherein the CA is operable to generate, from each certificate generation request, a digital encrypted package comprising an associated digital certificate which is recoverable by a respective entity using an activation code generated for node value data associated with the entity.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CA generates the digital encrypted package by generating an encryption key based on a first public key data and at least one activation code in the certificate generation request, and encrypting a digital package under the encryption key.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the digital encrypted package is received by the respective entity, wherein the respective entity obtains the activation code, and wherein the respective entity recovers the associated digital certificate from the digital encrypted package using the activation code.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the activation codes are calculated using a binary hash tree structure comprising a plurality of nodes.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the node value data associated with the entity corresponds to one or more nodes of the binary hash tree structure.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the nodes of the binary hash tree structure are organized in a plurality of layers.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein each node in every layer except the bottom layer acts as a parent node for two nodes in the layer.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the RA obtains the associated activation codes from a certificate access manager.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is repeated a plurality of times to generate digital certificates with different validity periods.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
receiving each digital encrypted package by the RA from the CA, wherein the RA is unable to decrypt any digital encrypted package: and
forwarding, by the RA, each digital encrypted package to the respective entity.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the associated digital certificate is recovered by the respective entity using a private key in addition to the activation code.
12. A method for digital certificate management, the digital certificates being for use in authentication operations by entities operable to perform computing on digital values and to communicate with each other, wherein each digital certificate cannot be used until activated by an activation code associated with the digital certificate, the method comprising:
transmitting a certificate request by a first entity to a registration authority (RA), the certificate request requesting one or more digital certificates for the first entity;
wherein responsive to the certificate request the RA obtains node value data associated with the first entity using information on the first entity, transmits a certificate generation request to a certificate authority (CA), each certificate generation request comprising one or more associated activation codes generated for the note value data:
wherein the CA is unable to link the certificate generation request to the first entity and is operable to generate from the certificate generation request a digital encrypted package comprising an associated digital certificate; and
receiving the digital encrypted package by the first entity, wherein the first entity is operable to recover the associated digital certificate using an activation code generated for node value data associated with the first entity.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the CA generates the digital encrypted package by generating an encryption key based on a first public key data and at least one activation code in the certificate generation request, and encrypting a digital package under the encryption key.
14. The method of claim 12 comprising receiving the activation code by the first entity.
15. The method of claim 12 wherein the associated activation codes are calculated using a binary hash tree structure comprising a plurality of nodes.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the node value data associated with the first entity corresponds to one or more nodes of the binary hash three structure.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the nodes of the binary hash tree structure are organized in a plurality of layers.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein each node in every layer except the bottom layer acts as a parent node for two nodes in the layer below.
19. The method of claim 12 , wherein the RA obtains the associated activation codes from a certificate access manager (CAM).
20. The method of claim 12 , wherein the method is repeated a plurality of times to generate digital certificates with different validity periods.