Devices and methods for ablation of the skin
Disclosed herein are apparatuses, systems, kits, and methods for treating skin, such as skin tightening or for treating diseases, disorders, and conditions that would benefit from tissue area or volume reduction, skin restoration, skin tightening, skin lifting, and/or skin repositioning and/or for generally improving skin function or appearance (e.g., the removal of unwanted skin features or irregularities such as sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair follicles, necrosis, and fibrosis). Such apparatuses, systems, kits, and methods comprise an apparatus having a handheld main body and a detachably attachable tip comprising one or more needles.
1. An apparatus for non-thermal tissue ablation comprising:
a) a main body configured for handheld operation;
b) a tip comprising a skin-penetrating component comprising one or more sharpened hollow coring needles, wherein said tip is detachably attached to said main body and wherein each of said one or more sharpened hollow coring needles is configured to produce a plurality of ablated tissue portions by penetrating into and retracting from skin; and
c) a translating mechanism disposed in the main body for driving said one or more sharpened hollow coring needles across a region of the skin in one or two directions that are orthogonal to a longitudinal movement of the hollow coring needles penetrating into the skin and retracting the hollow coring needles from the skin.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said one or more sharpened hollow coring needles are configured to be in fluid communication with a pressure generating source.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein said pressure generating source is capable of producing a pressure of about 0.1 kPa to about 6.0 kPa.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein said pressure generating source produces vacuum.
5. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein said pressure generating source is separate from said apparatus.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more sharpened hollow coring needles comprise two or more sharpened hollow coring needles arranged in a 1-dimensional array.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more sharpened hollow coring needles comprise three or more sharpened hollow coring needles arranged in a 2-dimensional array.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein one or more sharpened hollow coring needles comprise 1-100 sharpened hollow coring needles.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein one or more sharpened hollow coring needles comprise two or more sharpened hollow coring needles that are spaced about 0.1 mm to about 5 mm apart.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said one or more sharpened hollow coring needles are 19-26 gauge needles.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein said one or more sharpened hollow coring needles are 22 or 24 gauge needles.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said apparatus is configured to provide an ablated tissue portion having a change in width as a function of depth.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the width to depth ratio of said ablated tissue portion is between about 1:0.3 and about 1:75.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said one or more sharpened hollow coring needles have a width at their widest points of about 0.01 mm to about 2 mm.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said apparatus is configured to remove about 5% to about 70% of tissue within a treatment area.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said apparatus is configured to remove about 5% of tissue within a treatment area.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an actuation mechanism for driving penetration into skin by said one or more sharpened hollow coring needles, wherein said actuation mechanism is mechanically or electrically coupled to said one or more sharpened hollow coring needles.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein said actuation mechanism is configured to drive penetration into the skin by said one or more sharpened hollow coring needles to a depth of about 0.1 mm to about 15 mm.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein said actuation mechanism is configured to drive penetration into the skin by said one or more sharpened hollow coring needles to a depth of about 2 mm to about 5 mm.
20. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein said actuation mechanism is configured to drive penetration into the skin by said one or more sharpened hollow coring needles with a force of about 0.5 N to about 20 N per sharpened hollow coring needle.
21. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a position detection mechanism.
22. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a reservoir for collecting waste materials.
23. The apparatus of claim 22 , wherein the apparatus is coupled to a base unit.
24. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein said base unit comprises said reservoir.
25. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein said base unit comprises a pressure generating source.
26. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein said base unit comprises a user interface.