Process of making nanoemulsion
The disclosure provides a nanoemulsion including an oil phase containing at least one cannabinoid and a water phase; wherein at least one of the oil phase and the water phase includes one or more emulsifying agents; and wherein the zeta potential of the nanoemulsion is less than about −10 mV. Further provided are processes for preparing such nanoemulsions.
1. A process for preparing a nanoemulsion comprising at least one cannabinoid, the process comprising:
(a) providing an oil phase containing at least one cannabinoid;
(b) providing a water phase and combining the water phase with a polyoxyethylene stearic acid ester, lecithin, and glycerin, wherein the polyoxyethylene stearic acid ester and lecithin are present in an amount from about 10% to about 25% by weight, based on the total weight of the nanoemulsion;
(c) combining the oil phase and water phase to form a macroemulsion; and
(d) treating the macroemulsion to form the nanoemulsion.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein (d) comprises sonicating the macroemulsion to form the nanoemulsion.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein (d) comprises treating the macroemulsion in a homogenizer to form the nanoemulsion.
4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the homogenizer is a high pressure valve homogenizer, an ultrasonic jet homogenizer or an ultrasonic probe homogenizer.
5. The process of claim 3 , wherein the macroemulsion is passed through the homogenizer at a flow rate from about 100 mL/min to about 9 L/min.
6. The process of claim 3 , wherein the macroemulsion is passed through the homogenizer at a temperature from about 20° C. to about 40° C.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein (d) comprises treating the macroemulsion in a microfluidizer to form the nanoemulsion.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process further comprises (a)(1) heating the oil phase to a temperature of at least about 50° C. and dissolving the at least one cannabinoid therein.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein (a)(1) comprises heating the oil phase to a temperature from about 60° C. to about 85° C.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of the oil to the at least one cannabinoid is from about 1:1 to about 10:1.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein combining the water phase with the polyoxyethylene stearic acid ester, lecithin, and glycerin is performed via high shear mixing.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein (c) comprises combining the oil phase and the water phase via high shear mixing to form the macroemulsion.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein (c) comprises combining the oil phase and the water phase in a weight ratio from about 2:1 to about 1:10.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cannabinoid is selected from the group consisting of cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN) and cannabinodiol (CBDL), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabivarin (CBV), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabichromevarin (CBCV), cannabigerovarin (CBGV), cannabigerol monomethyl ether (CBGM), cannabinerolic acid, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), Cannabinol propyl variant (CBNV), cannabitriol (CBO), tetrahydrocannabmolic acid (THCA), tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCV A), and mixtures thereof.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cannabinoid comprises cannabidiol.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oil phase comprises castor oil.
17. The process of claim 1 , wherein a zeta potential of the nanoemulsion is less than about −10 mV.
18. The process of claim 1 , wherein the nanoemulsion comprises droplets of the oil phase dispersed in the water phase, the droplets having an average diameter from about 1 nm to about 200 nm.