Upper-body robotic exoskeleton

1. A robotic shoulder joint comprising:

a first hinge joint with a first axis of rotation configured to be oriented towards a center of a human shoulder joint, the first axis of rotation to be aligned with a frontal axis of a user;

a second hinge joint coupled to the first hinge joint, with a second axis of rotation oriented between 55° and 75° from the first axis of rotation and configured to be oriented towards the center of the human shoulder joint;

a third hinge joint coupled to the second hinge joint, with a third axis of rotation oriented between 55° and 75° from the second axis of rotation and oriented between 50° and 80° from the first axis of rotation, configured to be oriented towards the center of the human shoulder joint; and

a fourth hinge joint, coupled to the third hinge joint, with a fourth axis of rotation to provide an additional degree of freedom to the robotic shoulder joint.

2. The robotic shoulder joint of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first hinge joint, the second hinge joint, the third hinge joint, or the fourth hinge joint is coupled to an actuator to provide motive force to the at least one of the first hinge joint, the second hinge joint, the third hinge joint, or the fourth hinge joint.

3. The robotic shoulder joint of claim 2 , wherein the actuator comprises a speed reduction mechanism to increase a torque of the at least one of the first hinge joint, the second hinge joint, the third hinge joint, or the fourth hinge joint.

4. The robotic shoulder joint of claim 2 , wherein the actuator comprises at least one of a sensor to detect and control a torque of the actuator, a sensor to detect and control a position of the actuator, or combinations thereof.

5. The robotic shoulder joint of claim 2 , wherein the actuator comprises at least one of a gear box, a harmonic drive, or combinations thereof to increase a torque of the at least one of the first hinge joint, the second hinge joint, the third hinge joint, or the fourth hinge joint.

6. A robotic exoskeleton comprising:

first and second shoulder portions, each of the first and second shoulder portions providing at least four degrees of freedom;

two elbow portions, each elbow portion providing at least one degree of freedom; and

two forearm portions, each forearm portion providing at least one degree of freedom;

wherein the first shoulder portion includes:

a first joint with a first axis of rotation configured to be oriented towards a center of a human shoulder joint;

a second joint, coupled to the first joint, with a second axis of rotation configured to be oriented towards the center of the human shoulder joint;

a third joint, coupled to the second joint, with a third axis of rotation configured to be oriented towards the center of the human shoulder joint;

a fourth joint, coupled to the third joint, with a fourth axis of rotation to provide a degree of freedom of the at least four degrees of freedom of the first shoulder portion to the robotic exoskeleton; and

a fifth joint with a fifth axis of rotation to provide another degree of freedom of the at least four degrees of freedom of the first shoulder portion to the robotic exoskeleton;

wherein: (a) the second axis of rotation is configured to be oriented between 55° and 75° from the first axis of rotation; and (b) the third axis of rotation is configured to be oriented between 55° and 75° from the second axis of rotation and configured to be oriented between 50° and 80° from the first axis of rotation.

7. The robotic exoskeleton of claim 6 , wherein at least one of the first, second, third, or fourth joints is coupled to an actuator to provide motive force to the at least one of the first, second, third, or fourth joints.

8. The robotic exoskeleton of claim 7 , wherein the actuator comprises a speed reduction mechanism to increase a torque of the at least one of the first, second, third, or fourth joints.

9. The robotic exoskeleton of claim 7 , wherein the actuator comprises at least one of a sensor to detect and control a torque of the actuator, a sensor to detect and control a position of the actuator, or combinations thereof.

10. The robotic exoskeleton of claim 7 , wherein the actuator comprises at least one of a gear box, a harmonic drive, or combinations thereof to increase a torque of the at least one of the first, second, third, or fourth joints.