Device and method of feeding a thermoplastic filament

1. An extrusion-based production system comprising:

a filament roll with a thermoplastic filament to be extruded; and

at least one assembly adapted to supply the thermoplastic filament and rotatable about the thermoplastic filament, the at least one assembly comprising:

an entrance adapted to receive the thermoplastic filament;

an exit adapted to deliver the thermoplastic filament for printing a 3D object layer by layer, the entrance and the exit defining a channel within which the thermoplastic filament is movable; and

at least two rotatable components comprising a first rotatable component and a second rotatable component,

wherein:

the channel is at least partially located between the first rotatable component and the second rotatable component;

the first rotatable component is rotatable about a first axis and has first external ridges;

the first axis is located at a first distance from the channel such that the first external ridges penetrate at least partially into the channel;

the second rotatable component is rotatable about a second axis different from the first axis and has second external ridges;

the second axis is located at a second distance from the channel such that the second external ridges penetrate at least partially into the channel; and

the first rotatable component and the second rotatable component are mounted to a carrier such that, when the thermoplastic filament is inserted into the channel and when the at least one assembly is rotated relative to the thermoplastic filament, the first rotatable component rotates about the first axis, the second rotatable component rotates about the second axis, and the first axis and the second axis move about the thermoplastic filament in such a manner that the first rotatable component and the second rotatable component roll over a surface of the thermoplastic filament while the first external ridges and the second external ridges penetrate the thermoplastic filament about 0.05 mm to about 0.25 mm.

2. The extrusion-based production system of claim 1 , wherein each of the at least two rotatable components is in contact with the thermoplastic filament by at least three different ridge segments thereof that are axially offset with respect to each other.

3. The extrusion-based production system of claim 1 , wherein:

the at least one assembly further comprises a ring gear; and

each of the at least two rotatable components further comprise a gearwheel that engages the ring gear to cause at least the first rotatable component and the second rotatable component to rotate synchronously about their respective axes.

4. The extrusion-based production system of claim 1 , wherein:

the at least one assembly further comprises a central gearwheel with a central opening for passage of the thermoplastic filament; and

each of the at least two rotatable components comprise a gearwheel that engages the central gearwheel to cause the first rotatable component and the second rotatable component to rotate synchronously around their respective axes.

5. The extrusion-based production system of claim 1 , wherein:

the at least one assembly further comprises a third rotatable component and a fourth rotatable component positioned such that the channel is at least partially located between the first rotatable component, the second rotatable component, the third rotatable component, and the fourth rotatable component; and

the third rotatable component and the fourth rotatable component each have a surface that touches the channel.

6. The extrusion-based production system of claim 1 , wherein:

the first axis is substantially parallel to the channel;

the second axis is substantially parallel to the channel;

the first external ridges form a first external screw thread;

the second external ridges form a second external screw thread; and

the at least one assembly further comprises gearwheels that synchronize movements of the at least two rotatable components.

7. The extrusion-based production system of claim 6 , wherein:

the at least one assembly further comprises a third rotatable component with a third external screw thread, the third rotatable component being rotatable about a third axis different from the first axis and the second axis, wherein the third axis is substantially parallel to the channel and is situated at such a distance from the channel that the third external screw thread penetrates at least partially into the channel;

the channel is located at least partially between the first rotatable component, the second rotatable component, and the third rotatable component; and

the third rotatable component is mounted such that, when the thermoplastic filament is inserted into the channel and when the at least one assembly is rotated relative to the thermoplastic filament, the third rotatable component rolls over a surface of the thermoplastic filament.

8. The extrusion-based production system of claim 1 , wherein:

the first axis of the at least one assembly is arranged to cross the thermoplastic filament at an angle of 1.0° to 9.0°;

the second axis is arranged to cross the thermoplastic filament at an angle of 1.0° to 9.0°;

the first external ridges form a plurality of first rings; and

the second external ridges form a plurality of second rings.

9. The extrusion-based production system of claim 8 , wherein:

the at least one assembly further comprises a third rotatable component rotatable about a third axis different from the first axis and the second axis; and

the third axis is arranged to cross the thermoplastic filament at an angle of 1.0° to 9.0°.

10. The extrusion-based production system of claim 9 , wherein:

the third rotatable component has third external ridges; and

the first rotatable component, the second rotatable component, and the third rotatable component are shaped and positioned such that at least one groove formed on the thermoplastic filament by the first external ridges, the second external ridges, and the third external ridges form a single helix, or two individual helices, or three individual helices.

11. The extrusion-based production system of claim 8 , wherein the rings of each of the first and second rotatable components, considered separately, are at a constant distance from each other.

12. The extrusion-based production system of claim 8 , wherein:

the plurality of first and second rings all have a same external diameter; or

at least one of the plurality of first and second rings has a first outer diameter and wherein at least one other of the plurality of first and second rings has a second outer diameter different from the first outer diameter.

13. The extrusion-based production system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one rotation limiting unit positioned at the entrance or at the exit of the at least one assembly to limit torsion of the filament.

14. The extrusion-based production system, of claim 1 , further comprising at least one pressure roller assembly positioned at the entrance or at the exit of the at least one assembly to limit torsion of the filament.

15. The extrusion-based production system of claim 1 , wherein the filament roll is arranged such that the thermoplastic filament from the filament roll is inserted into the entrance of the at least one assembly according to a bent curve.

16. The extrusion-based production system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one drive mechanism adapted to rotate the at least one assembly relative to the thermoplastic filament.

17. The extrusion-based production system of claim 16 , further comprising a control unit that is communicatively connectable with an external computer and is adapted to receive information for controlling the at least one drive mechanism.

18. The extrusion-based production system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one assembly comprises:

a first assembly adapted to move the thermoplastic filament in a first direction; and

a second assembly adapted to move the thermoplastic filament in the first direction;

wherein the extrusion-based production system further comprises a drive mechanism adapted to rotate the at least two rotatable components of the first assembly in a first direction relative to the thermoplastic filament, and further adapted to rotate the at least two rotatable components of the second assembly in a second direction relative to the thermoplastic filament, opposite to the first direction, so as to reduce or substantially eliminate torsional forces exerted by the first assembly on the thermoplastic filament.

19. The extrusion-based production system of claim 18 , wherein the drive mechanism further comprises an electric motor adapted to rotate the at least one assembly relative to the thermoplastic filament.

20. The extrusion-based production system of claim 19 , wherein the drive mechanism further comprises a drive belt that couples the at least one assembly to the electric motor.

21. The extrusion-based production system of claim 19 , wherein the electric motor is a motor having a hollow shaft, wherein the hollow shaft is configured to receive the thermoplastic filament, and the motor is configured to rotate the at least one assembly relative to the thermoplastic filament.

22. The extrusion-based production system of claim 1 , further comprising a heating element adapted to melt the thermoplastic filament leaving the exit.

23. A method of feeding a thermoplastic filament j an extrusion-based production system comprising:

a filament roll with a thermoplastic filament to be extruded; and

at least one assembly, the at least one assembly comprising:

an entrance adapted to receive the thermoplastic filament to be extruded;

an exit adapted to deliver the thermoplastic filament for printing a 3D object layer by layer, wherein the entrance and the exit define a channel within which the thermoplastic filament is movable; and

at least two rotatable components comprising a first rotatable component and a second rotatable component;

wherein:

the channel is at least partially located between the first rotatable component and the second rotatable component;

the first rotatable component is rotatable about a first axis and has first external ridges;

the first axis is located at a first distance from the channel such that the first external ridges penetrate at least partially into the channel;

the second rotatable component is rotatable about a second axis different from the first axis and has second external ridges; and

the second axis is located at a second distance from the channel such that the second external ridges penetrate at least partially into the channel;

the method comprising:

introducing the thermoplastic filament into the channel;

rotating the first rotatable component about the first axis;

rotating the second rotatable component about the second axis; and

moving the first axis and the second axis around the thermoplastic filament in such a way that the first rotatable component and the second rotatable component roll over a surface of the thermoplastic filament while the first external ridges and the second external ridges penetrate approximately 0.05 mm to approximately 0.25 mm into the thermoplastic filament.