Battery management apparatus, battery management method, battery pack, and electric vehicle
A battery management apparatus according to the present disclosure includes a memory to store a charging sequence table that records a correspondence relationship between first to m th temperature ranges, first to m th SOC lists and first to m th current lists, a sensing unit to detect a voltage, a current and a temperature of a battery, and a control unit. Each of the SOC lists defines first to n th SOC ranges. The control unit determines a current SOC of the battery based on the detected voltage and the detected current. The control unit determines a temperature range of interest, a SOC list of interest and a current list of interest based on the detected temperature. The control unit determines a remaining charging time required to charge the battery to a target SOC based on the detected current, the current SOC, the SOC list of interest and the current list of interest.
1. A battery management apparatus, comprising:
a memory configured to store a charging sequence table that records a correspondence relationship between first to m th temperature ranges, first to m th state of charge (SOC) lists, and first to m th current lists, where m is a natural number of 2 or greater;
a sensing unit configured to detect a voltage, a current, and a temperature of a battery; and
a controller operably coupled to the memory and the sensing unit,
wherein each of the SOC lists defines first to n th SOC ranges, where n is a natural number of 2 or greater,
wherein each of the current lists defines first to n th allowable constant currents corresponding to the first to n th SOC ranges in a one-to-one relationship, and
wherein the controller is configured to:
determine a current SOC of the battery based on the detected voltage and the detected current,
determine a temperature range of interest, a SOC list of interest, and a current list of interest from the charging sequence table based on the detected temperature, the temperature range of interest being a temperature range to which the detected temperature belongs among the first to m th temperature ranges, the SOC list of interest being a SOC list corresponding to the temperature range of interest among the first to m th SOC lists, the current list of interest being a current list corresponding to the temperature range of interest among the first to m th current lists,
determine first to n th set capacities corresponding to the first to n th SOC ranges defined by the SOC list of interest in a one-to-one relationship,
determine first to n th target capacities for charging the battery in each of the first to n th SOC ranges defined by the SOC list of interest, based on the current SOC and the first to n th set capacities, and
determine a remaining charging time required to charge the battery to a target SOC based on the detected current, the first to n th target capacities, and the first to n th allowable constant currents defined by the current list of interest.
2. The battery management apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
determine first to n th range estimated times required to charge the battery in each of the first to n th SOC ranges, using the following Equation 1:
Δ
T
r
[
j
]
=
Δ
Q
tg
[
j
]
MIN
(
I
m
,
I
[
j
]
)
,
<
Equation
1
>
where, in Equation 1:
j denotes a natural number of n or smaller,
I n denotes the detected current,
I[j] denotes the i th allowable constant current,
MIN(I m , I[j]) denotes a smaller one of I m and I[j],
ΔQ tg [j] denotes the j th target capacity, and
ΔT r [j] denotes the i th range estimated time.
3. The battery management apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the controller is further configured to determine the remaining charging time to be equal to a sum of the first to n th range estimated times.
4. The battery management apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the controller is further configured to determine first to n th range spent times spent in charging in each of the first to n th SOC ranges while the battery is being charged to the target SOC according to a target charging sequence corresponding to the SOC list of interest and the current list of interest.
5. The battery management apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
determine first to n th capacity losses corresponding to the first to n th SOC ranges in a one-to-one relationship, based on the first to n th range estimated times and the first to n th range spent times; and
update the SOC list of interest based on the first to n th capacity losses.
6. The battery management apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein the controller is further configured to determine the first to n th capacity losses using the following Equation 2:
Δ
Q
loss
[
j
]
=
(
Δ
T
r
[
j
]
-
Δ
T
s
[
j
]
)
×
M
IN
(
I
m
,
I
[
j
]
)
,
<
Equation
2
>
where, in Equation 2:
ΔT s [j] denotes the j th range spent time, and
ΔQ loss [j] denotes the j th capacity loss.
7. The battery management apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein the controller is further configured to update the SOC list of interest using the following Equation 3:
SOC
limit
[
j
]
=
1
Q
max
×
∑
k
=
1
j
(
Δ
Q
s
e
t
[
k
]
-
Δ
Q
loss
[
k
]
)
×
100
%
,
<
Equation
3
>
where, in Equation 3:
ΔQ set [k] denotes the k th set capacity,
Q max denotes a predetermined maximum capacity, and
SOC limit [j] denotes an upper limit of the j th SOC range defined by the updated SOC list of interest.
8. A battery pack comprising the battery management apparatus according to claim 1 .
9. An electric vehicle comprising the battery pack according to claim 8 .
10. A battery management method performed by the battery management apparatus according to claim 1 , the battery management method comprising:
detecting, by the sensing unit, a voltage, a current, and a temperature of the battery;
determining, by the controller, a current state of charge (SOC) of the battery based on the detected voltage and the detected current;
determining, by the controller, the temperature range of interest, the SOC list of interest, and the current list of interest from the charging sequence table;
determining, by the controller, first to n th set capacities corresponding to the first to n th SOC ranges defined by the SOC list of interest in a one-to-one relationship;
determining first to n th target capacities for charging the battery in each of the first to n th SOC ranges defined by the SOC list of interest, based on the current SOC and the first to n th set capacities; and
determining, by the controller, the remaining charging time based on the detected current, the first to n th target capacities, and the first to n th allowable constant currents defined by the current list of interest.
11. The battery management method of claim 10 , wherein the determining of the charging time includes:
determining first to n th range estimated times required to charge the battery in each of the first to n th SOC ranges, using the following Equation 1:
Δ
T
r
[
j
]
=
Δ
Q
tg
[
j
]
MIN
(
I
m
,
I
[
j
]
)
,
<
Equation
1
>
where, in Equation 1:
j denotes a natural number of n or smaller,
I m denotes the detected current,
I[j] denotes the i th allowable constant current,
MIN(I m , I[j]) denotes a smaller one of I m and I[j],
ΔQ tg [j] denotes the j th target capacity, and
ΔT r [j] denotes the i th range estimated time.
12. The battery management method of claim 11 , wherein the determining of the remaining time includes determining the remaining charging time to be equal to a sum of the first to n th range estimated times.
13. The battery management method of claim 11 , further comprising:
determining, by the controller, first to n th range spent times spent in charging in each of the first to n th SOC ranges while the battery is being charged to the target SOC according to a target charging sequence corresponding to the SOC list of interest and the current list of interest.
14. The battery management method of claim 13 , further comprising:
determining, by the controller, first to n th capacity losses corresponding to the first to n th SOC ranges in a one-to-one relationship, based on the first to n th range estimated times and the first to n th range spent times; and
updating the SOC list of interest based on the first to n th capacity losses.
15. The battery management method of claim 14 , wherein the determining of the first to n th capacity losses includes the determining the first to n th capacity losses using the following Equation 2:
Δ
Q
loss
[
j
]
=
(
Δ
T
r
[
j
]
-
Δ
T
s
[
j
]
)
×
M
IN
(
I
m
,
I
[
j
]
)
,
<
Equation
2
>
where, in Equation 2:
ΔT s [j] denotes the j th range spent time, and
ΔQ loss [j] denotes the j th capacity loss.
16. The battery management method of claim 15 , wherein the updating of the SOC list of interest includes updating the SOC list of interest using the following Equation 3:
SOC
limit
[
j
]
=
1
Q
max
×
∑
k
=
1
j
(
Δ
Q
s
e
t
[
k
]
-
Δ
Q
loss
[
k
]
)
×
100
%
,
<
Equation
3
>
where, in Equation 3:
ΔQ set [k] denotes the k th set capacity,
Q max denotes a predetermined maximum capacity, and
SOC limit [j] denotes an upper limit of the j th SOC range defined by the updated SOC list of interest.