Amide-functionalized polymerization initiators and their use in the manufacture of ophthalmic lenses
Provided are compounds that may function as functionalized polymerization initiators, for instance in the manufacture of ophthalmic lenses, and to methods of such manufacture. The compounds are of formula I: wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , T, p, q, and n are as defined herein.
1. A compound of formula I:
wherein R 1 at each occurrence is independently H or methyl;
R 2 and R 3 at each occurrence are independently H or —X′—N(R 6 )(R 7 ), provided that at least one R 2 or R 3 is —X′—N(R 6 )(R 7 ), wherein X′ at each occurrence is independently a bond or —(CO)—, R 6 at each occurrence is independently H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, or C 1 -C 6 alkylcarbonyl and R 7 at each occurrence is independently H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, or C 1 -C 6 alkylcarbonyl, or R 6 and R 7 at any occurrence, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycloalkyl ring in which a ring carbon atom is optionally replaced with a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, wherein each alkyl and alkylcarbonyl is independently optionally substituted with hydroxy, amino, amido, oxo, carboxy, alkyl carboxy, carbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxy, amido, carbamate, carbonate, halo, phenyl, or benzyl, and each heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with alkyl, hydroxy, amino, amido, oxo, carboxy, alkyl carboxy, carbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxy, amido, carbamate, carbonate, halo, phenyl, or benzyl;
R 4 and R 5 , when present, are independently at each occurrence alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, or halo;
T is a chain termination group;
n is from 10 to 4000; and
p and q are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein one of R 2 and R 3 at each occurrence is H.
3. The compound of claim 1 wherein q is 0.
4. The compound of claim 1 wherein p is 3 and R 4 at each occurrence is independently C 1 -C 3 alkyl.
5. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 6 and R 7 , together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycloalkyl ring optionally substituted with alkyl, hydroxy, amino, amido, oxo, carboxy, alkyl carboxy, carbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxy, amido, carbamate, carbonate, or halo.
6. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 6 and R 7 , together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form imidazolidinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, or piperidinyl optionally substituted with alkyl or oxo.
7. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 6 and R 7 , together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form 2-pyrrolidinone.
8. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 6 and R 7 are independently H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, or C 1 -C 6 alkylcarbonyl, wherein alkyl and alkylcarbonyl are independently optionally substituted with hydroxy.
9. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 6 and R 7 are independently H or C 1 -C 4 alkyl, wherein alkyl is optionally substituted with hydroxy.
10. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 6 and R 7 are both H.
11. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 6 is H and R 7 is C 1 -C 3 alkyl or C 1 -C 3 alkylcarbonyl, wherein alkyl is optionally substituted with hydroxy.
12. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 6 and R 7 are independently C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy.
13. The compound of claim 1 wherein R 6 is C 1 -C 3 alkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy and R 7 is C 1 -C 3 alkylcarbonyl.
14. The compound of claim 1 wherein X′ is −(CO)—.
15. The compound of claim 1 wherein X′ is a direct bond.
16. The compound of claim 1 that is:
17. A method for forming an ophthalmic lens, the method comprising:
(a) providing a mold assembly comprised of a base curve and a front curve, the base curve and the front curve defining and enclosing a cavity therebetween, the cavity containing a reactive monomer mixture, wherein the reactive monomer mixture comprises a monomer suitable for making the ophthalmic lens, a first polymerization initiator that is capable of being activated at a first wavelength, a first functional moiety chemically linked to the first polymerization initiator, and a second polymerization initiator that is capable of being activated by a second activation that does not substantially activate the first polymerization initiator, wherein at least one of the base curve or front curve is light transmissive;
(b) exposing one or more selective regions of the reactive monomer mixture to a source of actinic radiation at the first wavelength to thereby selectively polymerize a portion of the reactive monomer mixture, wherein the selectively polymerized portion incorporates the first functional moiety;
(c) exposing the reactive monomer mixture to the second activation to activate the second polymerization initiator and cure the reactive monomer mixture;
(d) removing the ophthalmic lens from the mold assembly; and
(e) extracting unreacted first polymerization initiator from the ophthalmic lens, wherein the first polymerization initiator having a chemically linked first functional moiety is a compound of claim 1 .
18. A reactive monomer mixture for making an ophthalmic lens, the reactive monomer mixture comprising:
a monomer suitable for making the ophthalmic lens;
a first polymerization initiator capable of being activated at a first wavelength;
a first functional moiety chemically linked to the first polymerization initiator; and
a second polymerization initiator that is capable of being activated by a second activation that does not substantially activate the first polymerization initiator,
wherein the first polymerization initiator having a chemically linked first functional moiety is a compound of claim 1 .