Beam forming and beam steering using antenna arrays

1. An antenna system comprising:

an antenna array having a plurality of first antenna elements and a plurality of second antenna elements, the plurality of first antenna elements respectively operable to communicate one or more signals via a communication protocol; and

a control circuit configured to control operation of one or more of the second antenna elements in a first mode or a second mode,

wherein in the first mode, a first subset of the second antenna elements is configured to provide a secondary function to support communication of the first antenna elements via the communication protocol and a second subset of the second antenna elements is configured to support beam forming of the first antenna elements or beam steering of the first antenna elements; and

wherein in the second mode, one or more of the second antenna elements are configured to support beam forming of the first antenna elements or beam steering of the first antenna elements.

2. The antenna system of claim 1 , wherein the communication protocol comprises a cellular communication protocol.

3. The antenna system of claim 1 , wherein the control circuit comprises:

a first switching component comprising a plurality of first switches, each of the first switches coupled to a corresponding antenna element of the first antenna elements; and

a second switching component comprising a plurality of second switches, each of the second switches coupled to a corresponding antenna element of the second antenna elements.

4. The antenna system of claim 3 , wherein the control circuit further comprises:

a phase shifting component coupled between the first switching component and the second switching component.

5. The antenna system of claim 4 , wherein the phase shifting component comprises one or more phase shifters.

6. The antenna system of claim 4 , wherein the phase shifting component comprises a plurality of transmission lines, each of the transmission lines having a different electrical length.

7. The antenna system of claim 1 , wherein in the second mode, a third subset of the second antenna elements are configured to support beam forming or beam steering, and wherein the third subset has one or more additional second antenna elements relative to the second subset.

8. A mobile device comprising:

a housing;

an antenna array having a plurality of first antenna elements and a plurality of second antenna elements, the plurality of first antenna elements respectively operable to communicate one or more signals via a communication protocol; and

a control circuit configured to control operation of one or more of the second antenna elements in a first mode or a second mode,

wherein in the first mode, a first subset of the second antenna elements is configured to provide a secondary function to support communication of the first antenna elements via the communication protocol and a second subset of the second antenna elements is configured to support beam forming of the first antenna elements or beam steering of the first antenna elements; and

wherein in the second mode, one or more of the second antenna elements are configured to support beam forming of the first antenna elements or beam steering of the first antenna elements.

9. The mobile device of claim 8 , wherein the communication protocol comprises a cellular communication protocol.

10. The mobile device of claim 9 , wherein the cellular communication protocol comprises a 5G communication protocol.

11. The mobile device of claim 8 , wherein the secondary function comprises operating one or more of the second antenna elements included in the first subset of the second antenna elements to act as a diversity antenna element.

12. The mobile device of claim 8 , wherein the control circuit comprises:

a first switching component comprising a plurality of first switches, each of the first switches coupled to a corresponding antenna element of the first antenna elements; and

a second switching component comprising a plurality of second switches, each of the second switches coupled to a corresponding antenna element of the second antenna elements.

13. The mobile device of claim 12 , wherein the control circuit further comprises:

a phase shifting component coupled between the first switching component and the second switching component.

14. A method of configuring an antenna system comprising an antenna array having a plurality of first antenna elements and a plurality of second antenna elements, the method comprising:

operating, via a control circuit, the plurality of first antenna elements of the antenna array to communicate one or more signals via a communication protocol;

operating, via the control circuit, the plurality of second antenna elements of the antenna array in a first mode in which a first subset of the second antenna elements are configured to provide a secondary function to support communication of the first antenna elements via the communication protocol and a second subset of the second antenna elements are configured to support beam forming or beam steering of the first antenna elements; and

adjusting, via the control circuit, operation of the plurality of second antenna elements of the antenna array from the first mode to a second mode in which one or more of the second antenna elements are configured to provide beam forming or beam steering of the first antenna elements.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the secondary function comprises operating one or more of the second antenna elements included in the first subset of the second antenna elements to act as a diversity antenna element.

16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the communication protocol comprises a cellular communication protocol.