Transparent composite body panels with localized structural reinforcements for motor vehicles
Presented are multilayer composite panels for motor vehicles, methods for making/using such panels, and motor vehicles with transparent composite roof panels having localized reinforcement features. A sandwich-type multilayer composite panel contains one or more exterior layers each including a transparent rigid material, one or more bonding layers each including a transparent adhesive material, and one or more structural reinforcement layers each including a fiber-reinforced polymer material. Each structural reinforcement layer may be attached directly to a bonding layer and/or exterior layer. The composite panel may also include one or more IR-reflective layers, one or more light-absorbing sunshade layers, and one or more insulating low-k layers. The multilayer body panel has a plan-view profile; the individual layers extend substantially the entire length and width of the plan area, whereas the fibers in each structural reinforcement layer are localized to one or more discrete regions within the plan-view profile.
1. A multilayer body panel for a motor vehicle, the multilayer body panel comprising:
an exterior layer including a transparent rigid material; and
a structural reinforcement layer attached to the exterior layer, the structural reinforcement layer including a fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) material containing fibers,
wherein the multilayer body panel has a plan-view profile with a plan area with a length and width, the exterior and structural reinforcement layers extending substantially the entire length and width of the plan area, wherein the fibers contained in the structural reinforcement layer are localized to a discrete region within the plan area.
2. The multilayer body panel of claim 1 , further comprising:
a bonding layer attached to the exterior layer and including a transparent adhesive material; and
a reflector layer attached directly to a first side of the bonding layer and including an infrared (IR) reflective material.
3. The multilayer body panel of claim 2 , wherein the IR reflective material includes a metallic material and/or a dielectric material.
4. The multilayer body panel of claim 2 , further comprising a sunshade layer attached directly to a second side of the bonding layer opposite the first side attached to the reflector layer, the sunshade layer including a solid-state, visible (VIS) light absorbing material.
5. The multilayer body panel of claim 4 , wherein the solid-state, VIS-light absorbing material includes an electrochromic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) material and/or an indium tin oxide (ITO) based electrochromic material.
6. The multilayer body panel of claim 4 , further comprising a low-k layer attached to the sunshade layer and including a dielectric material with a relatively small dielectric constant.
7. The multilayer body panel of claim 6 , further comprising:
a second bonding layer including the transparent adhesive material and attached to the low-k layer; and
a second reflector layer including the infrared (IR) reflective material and attached directly to the second bonding layer.
8. The multilayer body panel of claim 7 , further comprising a second structural reinforcement layer attached to the second reflector layer and including an FRP material, wherein the second structural reinforcement layer is localized to the same discrete region within the plan area.
9. The multilayer body panel of claim 8 , further comprising third and fourth bonding layers each including the transparent adhesive material, wherein the layers of the multilayer body panel are stacked sequentially as: the exterior layer, the structural reinforcement layer, the third bonding layer, the reflector layer, the bonding layer, the sunshade layer, the second bonding layer, the second reflector layer, the low-k layer, the fourth bonding layer, and the second structural reinforcement layer.
10. The multilayer body panel of claim 1 , wherein the transparent rigid material includes a scratch-resistant hard coat, the transparent adhesive material includes an ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) or polyvinyl butyral (PVB) optical bonding agent, and the FRP material includes a fiber-weave preform entrained within a thermoset or thermoplastic matrix.
11. The multilayer body panel of claim 1 , further comprising:
a bonding layer attached to the exterior layer and including a transparent adhesive material;
a reflector layer attached directly to and sandwiched between the bonding layer and the exterior layer, the reflector layer including an infrared (IR) reflective material; and
a sunshade layer attached directly to and sandwiched between the bonding layer and the structural reinforcement layer, the sunshade layer including a solid-state, visible (VIS) light absorbing material.
12. The multilayer body panel of claim 11 , further comprising:
a second bonding layer attached directly to the structural reinforcement layer on an opposite side thereof from the sunshade layer, the second bonding layer including the transparent adhesive material; and
a second reflector layer attached directly to the second bonding layer on an opposite side thereof from the structural reinforcement layer, the second reflector layer including the IR-reflective material.
13. The multilayer body panel of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first bonding layer attached directly to and sandwiched between the exterior layer and the structural reinforcement layer;
a second exterior layer including the transparent rigid material; and
a second bonding layer attached directly to and sandwiched between the second exterior layer and the structural reinforcement layer, the second bonding layer including the transparent adhesive material.
14. The multilayer body panel of claim 2 , wherein the transparent rigid material of the exterior layers includes a chemically strengthened glass or a soda-lime glass, the transparent adhesive material of the bonding layers includes an ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) or polyvinyl butyral (PVB) optical bonding agent, and the FRP material includes a fiber-weave preform entrained within a thermoset or thermoplastic matrix.
15. A motor vehicle comprising:
a vehicle body with a passenger compartment;
a prime mover mounted on the vehicle body and operable to propel the motor vehicle; and
a multilayer body panel mounted on the vehicle body and covering at least a portion of the passenger compartment, the multilayer body panel including:
an exterior layer including a transparent rigid material;
a bonding layer attached to the exterior layer and including a transparent adhesive material; and
a structural reinforcement layer attached to the bonding and exterior layers and including a fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) material with a rigid polymer reinforced with fibers,
wherein the multilayer body panel has a plan-view profile with a plan area having a length and a width, the structural reinforcement, exterior, and bonding layers extending substantially the entire length and width of the plan area, and the fibers within the structural reinforcement layer localized to a discrete region within the plan area.
16. The motor vehicle of claim 15 , further comprising a reflector layer attached directly to a first side of the bonding layer and including an infrared (IR) reflective material.
17. The motor vehicle of claim 16 , further comprising a sunshade layer attached directly to a second side of the bonding layer opposite the first side attached to the reflector layer, the sunshade layer including a solid-state, visible (VIS) light absorbing reflective material.
18. The motor vehicle of claim 17 , further comprising a low-k layer attached to the sunshade layer, the low-k layer including a dielectric material with a relatively small dielectric constant.
19. The motor vehicle of claim 18 , further comprising:
a second bonding layer including the transparent adhesive material and attached to the low-k layer; and
a second reflector layer including the infrared reflective material and attached directly to the second bonding layer.
20. The motor vehicle of claim 19 , further comprising a second structural reinforcement layer attached to the second reflector layer and including the fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) material, wherein the second structural reinforcement layer is localized to the same discrete region within the plan area.