Controlled casting of in-mold large steel ingot with induced variable power and variable frequency applied to the top surface of molten metal in-mold
Large steel ingot casting is accomplished with a top suspended induction heating device supplied with variable power and variable frequency from a power source. By the induction heating and stirring provided by the top suspended induction heating device, metal solidification advances progressively upwards from bottom to top, and the upper molten metal in a riser part compensates for shrinkage of the lower solidified metal in the main part. Inclusions are selectively moved out of the molten metal by a variable electromagnetic stirring force and the formation of casting defects is suppressed.
1. A system for producing a large steel ingot by a solidification of a molten steel in a casting mold, the system comprising:
a casting ingot for containing the molten steel, the molten steel forming a riser part of the molten steel and a main part of the molten steel disposed below the riser part in the casting mold;
an electric induction heating coil positioned within the casting mold parallel and proximate to a top surface area of the molten steel in the casting mold;
wherein an entirety of the electric induction heating coil is suspended at an offset distance over the top surface area of the molten steel;
an electric power source configured for continuous supply of a variable power output and a variable frequency output to the electric induction heating coil, the variable power output and the variable frequency output simultaneously adjustable over a power range and a frequency range to supply an induced heating energy and a stirring force to maintain the molten steel in a molten state in the riser part until after the molten steel in the main part has solidified;
wherein the induced heating energy supplied by the electric power source to the electric induction heating coil is maintained consistently at a nominal induced power.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the electric induction heating coil comprises a flat spirally-wound induction coil, wherein each turn of the flat spirally-wound induction coil is coplanar defining a pancake-shaped heating coil.
3. The system of claim 2 wherein the flat spirally-wound induction coil is at least partially encased in a refractory.
4. The system of claim 2 wherein the flat spirally-wound induction coil is fully encased in a refractory.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein the variable power output is provided by a variable voltage controller.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein the variable power output is provided by a variable voltage and a variable current controller.
7. The system of claim 1 further comprising a raising and lowering apparatus configured to raise or lower the electric induction heating coil over the top surface area of the molten steel to selectively increase and decrease the offset distance, respectively.
8. The system of claim 1 further comprising a Human Machine Interface for storing variable power output values and variable frequency output values of the electric power source for a future large ingot casting process.
9. The system of claim 1 wherein the variable frequency output is increased coordinately with increasing voltage and decreasing current.
10. The system of claim 1 wherein the casting mold comprises a top mold section and a bottom mold section, the top mold section covering the bottom mold section containing the molten steel to form an entirely enclosed interior mold volume.
11. A method of producing a large steel ingot by solidifying a molten steel supplied to a casting mold, the molten steel forming a riser part of the molten steel over a main part of the molten steel, the method comprising:
positioning an electric induction heating coil within the casting mold over a top surface area of the molten steel;
supplying continuously a variable power magnitude and a variable frequency to the electric induction heating coil;
selecting a directional solidification process relative to each of a size of the large steel ingot, a shape of the large steel ingot, and a chemical composition of the molten steel, the directional solidification process comprising a range of solidification power magnitude and solidification frequency parameters over a process duration;
adjusting simultaneously the variable power magnitude and the variable frequency supplied to the electric induction heating coil coordinately over the process duration to match the solidification power magnitude and the solidification frequency parameters of the selected directional solidification process; and
wherein the solidification power magnitude and the solidification frequency parameters are configured to maintain an induced power from the electric induction heating coil at a nominal induced power level from when the molten steel in the main part is in a molten state until at least the main part has solidified and such that the molten steel in the riser part is maintained in the molten state until after a lower main body part has solidified.
12. The method of claim 11 further comprising adjusting the variable frequency supplied to the electric induction heating coil for migration of one or more inclusions from the main part to the riser part.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the variable frequency is adjusted to limit a defined depth of current penetration to the riser part.
14. The method of claim 11 wherein the variable power magnitude is controlled by adjusting a height of the electric induction heating coil over the top surface area of the molten steel.
15. The method of claim 11 wherein adjusting the variable power magnitude comprises adjusting a supplied voltage and a supplied current to the electric induction heating coil by a scale of a multiple of 10 kilowatts per square meter of the top surface area of the molten steel.
16. The method of claim 11 wherein adjusting the variable frequency comprises controlling an electromagnetic stirring force for a melt flow stirring pattern and speed in the molten steel.
17. The method of claim 11 further comprising adding a heat generating material and a thermally insulating material to the top surface area prior to positioning the electric induction heating coil over the top surface area.
18. A method of producing a large steel ingot by solidifying a molten steel supplied to a casting mold, the molten steel forming an upper riser part of the molten steel over a lower main part of the molten steel, the method comprising:
positioning an electric induction heating coil over a top surface area of the molten steel;
supplying continuously a variable power magnitude and a variable frequency to the electric induction heating coil;
initially adjusting a supplied voltage and a supplied current to the electric induction heating coil by a scale of a multiple of 10 kilowatts per square meter of the top surface area of the molten steel; and
adjusting simultaneously the variable power magnitude and the variable frequency supplied to the electric induction heating coil coordinately to maintain an induced power from the electric induction heating coil at a nominal induced power level from when the molten steel in the main part is in a molten state until at least the main part has solidified and such that the molten steel in the riser part is maintained in the molten state until after a lower main body part has solidified.
19. The method of claim 18 further comprising controlling the variable power magnitude by adjusting a height of the electric induction heating coil over the top surface area of the molten steel.
20. The method of claim 18 further comprising constructing and storing a parametric model of the variable power magnitude and the variable frequency from a start of solidification to an end of solidification, wherein the parametric model is associated with the casting mold and a particular alloy of the molten steel.