Wobulated signal generator
A wobulated signal generator includes a chain of delay elements and control circuitry. The chain of delay elements includes first delay elements, second delay elements, and third delay elements. The control circuitry, in operation, enables a number of the first delay elements, disables a number of the third delay elements, and enables a selected number of the second delay elements, defining a period of time between two consecutive rising edges of a digital wobulated signal at an output of the wobulated signal generator. The control circuitry monitors an average frequency of the digitally wobulated signal, and selectively modifies the number of enabled first delay elements and the number of disabled third delay elements based on the monitored average frequency of the digitally wobulated signal.
1. A device, comprising:
a chain of delay elements including first delay elements, second delay elements, and third delay elements;
control circuitry coupled to the chain of delay elements; and
an output node coupled to the chain of delay elements, wherein the control circuitry, in operation:
enables a number of the first delay elements;
disables a number of the third delay elements;
enables a selected number of the second delay elements, defining a period of time between two consecutive rising edges of a digital wobulated signal at the output node;
monitors an average frequency of the digitally wobulated signal; and
selectively modifies the number of enabled first delay elements and the number of disabled third delay elements based on the monitored average frequency of the digitally wobulated signal.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the selected number of second delay elements is a constant.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the selected number of second delay elements is variable.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry, in operation, selectively modifies the number of enabled first delay elements and the number of disabled third delay elements based on the monitored average frequency of the digitally wobulated signal and a reference frequency.
5. The device of claim 4 , wherein, in operation, in response to the monitored average frequency being greater than the reference frequency, the control circuitry increases the number of first elements enabled and decreases the number of third elements disabled.
6. The device of claim 4 , wherein, in operation, in response to the monitored average frequency being less than the reference frequency, the control circuitry decreases the number of first elements enabled and increases the number of third elements disabled.
7. The device of claim 4 , wherein the control circuitry comprises:
a clock signal generator, which, in operation, generates a reference clock signal at the reference frequency; and
a counter, which, in operation, counts a number of rising edges of the wobulated signal.
8. The device of claim 7 , wherein the clock signal generator comprises a phase-locked loop and the reference frequency is a constant.
9. The device of claim 7 , wherein,
the delay elements of the chain, when enabled, add a same delay time period to a received digital signal; and
the control circuitry, in operation, generates a regulation control value H according to:
H
=
(
C
Rf
-
C
M
)
S
where:
C represents a sampling time period;
Rf represents a number of rising edges of the reference clock signal during the sampling time period;
M represents a number of rising edges of the wobulated signal counted by the counter during the sampling time period; and
S represents a duration of the delay time period of a delay element of the chain of delay elements.
10. The device of claim 7 , wherein,
the delay elements of the chain, when enabled, add a same delay time period to a received digital signal; and
the control circuitry, in operation, generates a regulation control value H according to:
H =( M−Rf )* K
where:
Rf represents a number of rising edges of the reference clock signal during a sampling time period C;
M represents a number of rising edges of the wobulated signal counted by the counter during the sampling time period C; and
K is a constant depending on the sampling time period C and a duration S of the delay time period of a delay element of the chain of delay elements.
11. The device of claim 10 , wherein constant K is has a value according to:
K
=
C
*
S
Rf
*
M
.
12. The device of claim 7 , wherein,
the delay elements of the chain, when enabled, add a same delay time period to a received digital signal; and
the control circuitry comprises a frequency dividing circuit, which, in operation, enables the counter, and the control circuitry, in operation, generates a regulation control value H according to:
H
=
(
Rf
-
M
)
(
2
*
T_clk
_ref
)
S
*
DIV
where:
Rf represents a number of rising edges of the reference clock signal during a sampling time period;
M represents a number of rising edges of the wobulated signal counted by the counter during the sampling time period;
S represents a duration of the delay time period of a delay element of the chain of delay elements;
T_clk_ref represents the period of reference signal Ref; and
DIV represents a number of rising edges measured by a frequency dividing circuit enabling the counter.
13. The device of claim 1 , wherein,
a first input of the first delay elements is coupled to an input of the chain of delay elements;
a first output of the first delay elements is coupled to a first input of the second delay elements;
a first output of the second delay elements is coupled to a first input of the third delay elements;
an output of the third delay elements is coupled to a second input of the second delay elements;
a second output of the second delay elements is coupled to a second input of the first delay elements; and
a second output of the first delay elements is coupled to an output of the chain of delay elements.
14. The device of claim 13 , comprising a flip-flop coupled to the output of the chain of delay elements, wherein the output node is coupled to an output of the flip-flop and to an input of the control circuitry.
15. A system, comprising:
a memory; and
a wobulated signal generator coupled to the memory, the wobulated signal generator including:
a chain of delay elements including first delay elements, second delay elements, and third delay elements;
control circuitry coupled to the chain of delay elements; and
an output node coupled to the chain of delay elements, wherein the control circuitry, in operation:
enables a number of the first delay elements;
disables a number of the third delay elements;
enables a selected number of the second delay elements, defining a period of time between two consecutive rising edges of a digital wobulated signal at the output node;
monitors an average frequency of the digitally wobulated signal; and
selectively modifies the number of enabled first delay elements and the number of disabled third delay elements based on the monitored average frequency of the digitally wobulated signal.
16. The system of claim 15 , comprising a random number generator including the wobulated signal generator.
17. The system of claim 15 , comprising a plurality of wobulated signal generators.
18. The system of claim 17 , comprising a random number generator including the plurality of wobulated signal generators.
19. The system of claim 17 , comprising physical unclonable function circuitry including the plurality of wobulated signal generators.
20. The system of claim 15 , comprising:
a second chain of delay elements coupled to the control circuitry.
21. A method, comprising:
generating a delayed digital signal using a chain of delay elements including first delay elements, second delay elements, and third delay elements; and
generating a digital wobulated signal based on the delayed signal, the generating the delayed digital signal comprising:
enabling a number of the first delay elements;
disabling a number of the third delay elements;
enabling a selected number of the second delay elements, defining a period of time between two consecutive rising edges of the digital wobulated signal;
monitoring an average frequency of the digitally wobulated signal; and
selectively modifying the number of enabled first delay elements and the number of disabled third delay elements based on the monitored average frequency of the digitally wobulated signal.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the selected number of second delay elements is a constant.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the selected number of second delay elements is variable.
24. The method of claim 21 , comprising selectively modifying the number of enabled first delay elements and the number of disabled third delay elements based on the monitored average frequency of the digitally wobulated signal and a reference frequency.
25. The method of claim 24 , comprising:
in response to the monitored average frequency being greater than the reference frequency, increasing the number of first elements enabled and decreasing the number of third elements disabled; and
in response to the monitored average frequency being less than the reference frequency, decreasing the number of first elements enabled and increasing the number of third elements disabled.
26. The method of claim 21 , comprising generating a random number using the digitally wobulated signal.
27. The method of claim 21 , comprising generating a plurality of digitally wobulated signals.
28. The method of claim 27 , comprising generating a random number generator using the plurality of digitally wobulated signals.
29. The method of claim 27 , comprising generating a device identification number using the plurality of digitally wobulated signals.