Monitoring and extending heater life through power supply polarity switching

1. A method of monitoring a heating arrangement, the method comprising:

applying a first polarity DC voltage to a heater of the heating arrangement;

detecting a first polarity heating leakage current;

applying a second polarity DC voltage to the heating arrangement;

detecting a second polarity heating leakage current;

determining a health of the heating arrangement based on the first polarity heating leakage current and the second polarity heating leakage current;

generating, via a polarity control circuit, a heater voltage polarity signal indicative of a smaller one of the first polarity heating leakage current and the second polarity heating leakage current; and

applying to the heater, via a polarity selection circuit and based on the heater voltage polarity signal, either the first polarity heater DC voltage or the second polarity heater DC voltage until a system shutdown, thereby increasing useful life of the heating arrangement.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

measuring, via a leakage measurement circuit, the first polarity heating leakage current or the second polarity heating leakage current;

storing, via a processor, the first polarity heating leakage current or the second polarity heating leakage current;

retrieving, via the processor, a last measured value of the first polarity heating leakage current;

retrieving, via the processor, a last measured value of the second polarity heating leakage current; and

comparing, via the processor, the last measured value of the first polarity heating leakage current with the last measured value of the second polarity heating leakage current to determine the heater voltage polarity signal that minimizes the heating leakage current.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein:

the heater of the heating arrangement comprises:

a resistive heating element;

electrical insulation surrounding the resistive heating element; and

a metallic sheath surrounding the electrical insulation;

an inlet current flows into the resistive heating element;

an outlet current flows out of the resistive heating element;

the heating leakage current flows from the resistive heating element to the metallic sheath; and

the inlet current is equal to the sum of the outlet current and the heating leakage current.

4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising determining, via the leakage current measurement circuit, the heating leakage current by measuring a difference between the inlet current and the outlet current.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

calculating, via a processor, the first polarity heating leakage current;

calculating, via the processor, the second polarity heating leakage current;

calculating, via the processor, a remaining first polarity useful life of the heating arrangement using the first polarity heating leakage current; and

calculating, via the processor, a remaining second polarity useful life of the heating arrangement using the second polarity heating leakage current.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating the heater voltage polarity signal comprises:

setting the polarity command signal to the first polarity if the second polarity heating leakage current exceeds a threshold value of heating leakage current; and

setting the polarity command signal to the second polarity if the first polarity heating leakage current exceeds the threshold value of heating leakage current.

7. The method of claim 5 , further comprising balancing, via the processor, a heating arrangement operational time using the first polarity heater DC voltage with the heating arrangement operational time using the second polarity heater DC voltage, thereby extending the useful life of the heating arrangement.

8. The method of claim 5 , further comprising providing, via the processor, one or more heater health notifications, each of the one or more heater health notifications selected from the list consisting of: first polarity heating leakage current, second polarity heating leakage current, first polarity heating arrangement operational hours, second polarity heating arrangement operational hours, total heating arrangement operational hours, remaining first polarity useful heating arrangement life, remaining second polarity useful heating arrangement life, and remaining total useful heating arrangement life.

9. A heating arrangement monitoring system comprising:

a leakage current measurement circuit configured to measure a heating leakage current, wherein the heating leakage current is either:

a first polarity heating leakage current as a result of applying a first polarity DC voltage to the heating arrangement; or

a second polarity heating leakage current as a result of applying a second polarity DC voltage to the heating arrangement;

a processor, configured to determine a health of the heating arrangement based on one or more measured values of the first polarity heating leakage current and the second polarity heating leakage current;

a polarity selection circuit configured to apply a heater voltage to the heating arrangement using either a first polarity or a second polarity until a system shutdown; and

a polarity control circuit configured to receive a polarity command signal and to direct the polarity selection circuit to apply a selected heater voltage polarity that is either the first polarity or the second polarity;

wherein the processor is configured to:

calculate the first polarity heating leakage current;

calculate the second polarity heating leakage current; and

generate the polarity command signal indicative of a smaller one of the calculated values of the first polarity heating leakage current and the second polarity heating leakage current.

10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the processor is further configured to optimize a useful life of the heating arrangement by generating the polarity command signal based on the first polarity heating leakage current and the second polarity heating leakage current by:

setting the polarity command signal to the first polarity if the second polarity heating leakage current exceeds a threshold value of heating leakage current; and

setting the polarity command signal to the second polarity if the first polarity heating leakage current exceeds the threshold value of heating leakage current.

11. The system of claim 9 , wherein:

the heating arrangement includes a heater, comprising:

a resistive heating element;

electrical insulation surrounding the resistive heating element; and

a metallic sheath surrounding the electrical insulation;

an inlet current flows into the resistive heating element;

an outlet current flows out of the resistive heating element;

the heating leakage current flows from the resistive heating element to the metallic sheath; and

the heating leakage current is a difference between the inlet current and the outlet current.

12. The system of claim 9 , wherein the processor is configured to predict a failure of the heating arrangement based on the measured first polarity heating leakage current, or the measured second polarity heating leakage current, or both.

13. The system of claim 9 , wherein the processor is configured to:

calculate a remaining first polarity useful life of the heating arrangement using the first polarity heating leakage current; and

calculate a remaining second polarity useful life of the heating arrangement using the second polarity heating leakage current.

14. The system of claim 9 , wherein the processor is configured to calculate a heating arrangement insulation fault location based on a comparison of the first polarity heating leakage current and the second polarity heating leakage current.

15. The system of claim 9 , wherein the processor is a prediction processor configured to produce a health signal representative of the health of the heating arrangement.

16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the prediction processor is further configured to provide one or more heating arrangement health notifications, each of the one or more heating arrangement health notifications selected from the list consisting of: first polarity heating leakage current, second polarity heating leakage current, first polarity heating arrangement operational hours, second polarity heating arrangement operational hours, total heating arrangement operational hours, remaining first polarity useful heating arrangement life, remaining second polarity useful heating arrangement life, and remaining total useful heating arrangement life.

17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the prediction processor is further configured to provide a history of the one or more heating arrangement health notifications.

18. The system of claim 11 wherein:

the heater is disposed on an aircraft component;

the aircraft component is disposed on an external portion of an aircraft; and

the heater is configured to control ice formation on the aircraft component.