Platforms and systems for automated cell culture
Disclosed herein are platforms, systems, and methods including a cell culture system that includes a cell culture container comprising a cell culture, the cell culture receiving input cells, a cell imaging subsystem configured to acquire images of the cell culture, a computing subsystem configured to perform a cell culture process on the cell culture according to the images acquired by the cell imaging subsystem, and a cell editing subsystem configured to edit the cell culture to produce output cell products according to the cell culture process.
1. A cell culture system, comprising:
(i) a cell culture container, comprising:
a cell culture chamber enclosing fluid media, wherein the cell culture chamber comprises a first surface interior to the cell culture chamber, wherein the first surface is at least partially transparent;
a plasmonic resonant film disposed on the first surface and permanently attached thereto, wherein the plasmonic resonant film is configured to at least partially absorb a first incident light within a first wavelength range and at least partially transmit a second incident light within a second wavelength range, and wherein the plasmonic resonant film exhibits a spectral response comprising a resonant absorption peak; and
a cell culture comprising a plurality of cell colonies adhered to the first surface; and
(ii) a cell editing subsystem comprising a laser configured to emit a laser pulse incident on the plasmonic resonant film, wherein the cell editing subsystem is configured to selectively destroy one or more cells of the cell culture, when the laser emits the laser pulse at the resonant absorption peak;
(iii) an imaging subsystem configured to generate one or more images of the cell culture; and
(iv) a computing subsystem configured to manage the cell culture in the cell culture container, wherein managing the cell culture comprises at least one of:
(a) analyzing the one or more images of the cell culture to predict a collision between a first cell colony and a second cell colony in the plurality of cell colonies, and removing the first cell colony using the cell editing subsystem thereby avoiding the predicted collision,
(b) analyzing the one or more images of the cell culture to determine that a cell colony in the plurality of cell colonies is approaching full confluency, and fragmenting the cell colony into a plurality of sub-colonies thereby reducing confluency of the cell colony, and
(c) analyzing the one or more images of the cell culture to determine that a cell colony in the plurality of cell colonies has excessive density, and removing a portion of the cell colony thereby reducing density of the cell colony.
2. The cell culture system of claim 1 , wherein the second incident light within the second wavelength range is used for performing optical imaging of the cell culture.
3. The cell culture system of claim 1 , wherein the plasmonic resonant film is configured to absorb less than 20% of the second incident light within the second wavelength range.
4. The cell culture system of claim 1 , wherein, responsive to the laser emitting the laser pulse at the resonant absorption peak, the plasmonic resonant film absorbs energy from the pulsed laser and forms microbubbles proximal to one or more cells in the cell culture.
5. The cell culture system of claim 1 , wherein the laser is configured to emit a first laser pulse within the first wavelength range and a second laser pulse within the second wavelength range.
6. The cell culture system of claim 1 , wherein the resonant absorption peak is between 500 and 600 nanometers.
7. The cell culture system of claim 1 , wherein the plasmonic resonant film further comprises metal nano-islands.
8. The cell culture system of claim 7 , wherein the first surface comprises a material selected from: glass, cyclic olefin copolymer, polystyrene, polycarbonate, and polyethylene terephthalate.
9. The cell culture system of claim 1 , wherein the plasmonic resonant film further comprises one or more fiducial markings thereon.
10. The cell culture system of claim 9 , wherein the one or more fiducial markers are used to determine a position of the first surface relative to at least one of an imaging subsystem and the cell editing subsystem.
11. The cell culture system of claim 9 , wherein:
the first surface is configured to be illuminated with the second incident light within the second wavelength range to allow images of the cell culture to be captured without capturing images of the fiducial markings; and
the first surface is configured to be illuminated with the first incident light within the first wavelength range to allow images of the fiducial markings to be captured.
12. The cell culture system of claim 1 , wherein the resonant absorption peak does not overlap with the first wavelength range and the second wavelength range.
13. The cell culture system of claim 7 , wherein the metal nano-islands further comprise gold.
14. The cell culture system of claim 1 , wherein the first surface is transparent.
15. The cell culture system of claim 1 , wherein the plasmonic resonant film is disposed on a surface of an insert configured to be inserted into the cell culture chamber.
16. The cell culture system of claim 3 , wherein the plasmonic resonant film is configured to further transmit substantially all of the second incident light within the second wavelength range.
17. The cell culture system of claim 16 , wherein the second wavelength range is greater than about 625 nanometers.
18. The cell culture system of claim 6 , wherein the resonant absorption peak is between 520 and 540 nanometers.
19. The cell culture system of claim 7 , wherein the metal nano-islands are formed at least in part by lithographic deposition of metal.
20. The cell culture system of claim 7 , wherein the metal nano-islands are formed at least in part by deposition of metallic nanoparticles.
21. The cell culture system of claim 7 , wherein the metal nano-islands further comprise titanium.
22. The cell culture system of claim 1 , wherein the plasmonic resonant film comprises a semiconductor.
23. The cell culture system of claim 22 , wherein the semiconductor comprises silicon.
24. The cell culture system of claim 1 , wherein the imaging subsystem is further configured to:
direct incident light within the second wavelength range toward the cell culture chamber;
collect reflected or diffracted light from the cell culture chamber, responsive to the directed incident light; and
generate the one or more images of the cell culture based at least in part on the collected reflected or diffracted light.
25. The cell culture system of claim 1 , further comprising a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) subsystem configured to:
emit light at the plasmonic resonant peak toward a first location on the plasmonic resonant film, thereby performing Raman scattering of the light in the plasmonic resonant film; and
collect the Raman scattered light;
wherein the computing subsystem is further configured to analyze the collected Raman scattered light to determine information pertaining to one or more of: cell contents of cells proximal to the first location; fluid media proximal to the first location, and adsorbed protein molecules proximal to the first location.
26. The cell culture system of claim 1 , wherein the plasmonic resonant film is configured to convert optical energy from the emitted laser pulse into mechanical energy that selectively destroys the one or more of the cells of the cell culture.
27. The cell culture system of claim 1 , wherein the cell editing subsystem is further configured to clean biofouling from the plasmonic resonant film.
28. The cell culture system of claim 1 , wherein managing the cell culture comprises analyzing the one or more images of the cell culture to predict the collision between the first cell colony and the second cell colony, and removing the first cell colony using the cell editing subsystem thereby avoiding the predicted collision.
29. The cell culture system of claim 1 , wherein managing the cell culture comprises analyzing the one or more images of the cell culture to determine that the cell colony is approaching full confluency, and fragmenting the cell colony into a plurality of sub-colonies thereby reducing confluency of the cell colony.
30. The cell culture system of claim 1 , wherein managing the cell culture comprises analyzing the one or more images of the cell culture to determine that the cell colony has excessive density, and removing a portion of the cell colony thereby reducing density of the cell colony.